Review of Existing Coordinated Long-Range Operating Criteria for Colorado River Reservoirs (Operating Criteria), 15873-15883 [05-6160]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
• Bureau of Reclamation
• Reclamation Bureau

[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 59 (Tuesday, March 29, 2005)]
[Notices]
[Pages 15873-15883]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-6160]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Bureau of Reclamation


Review of Existing Coordinated Long-Range Operating Criteria for 
Colorado River Reservoirs (Operating Criteria)

AGENCY: Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), Interior.

ACTION: Notice of final decision regarding the operating criteria.

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SUMMARY: The purpose of this action is to provide public notice that 
the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) has made a number of limited 
modifications to the text of the Operating Criteria developed pursuant 
to section 602 of the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1968. The 
bases for the changes are: (1) Specific change in Federal law 
applicable to the Operating Criteria, (2) language in the current text 
of the Operating Criteria that is outdated, and (3) specific 
modifications to Article IV(b) of the Operating Criteria that reflect 
actual operating experience. The review of the Operating Criteria has 
been conducted through a public review process, including consultation 
with the seven Colorado River Basin States, tribal representatives, and 
interested parties and stakeholders.

DATES: Effective Date: March 21, 2005.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jayne Harkins, Bureau of Reclamation, 
Lower Colorado Region, P.O. Box 61470, Boulder City, Nevada 89006-1470; 
telephone (702) 293-8411; faxogram (702) 293-8614; e-mail: 
jharkins@lc.usbr.gov; or Tom Ryan, Bureau of Reclamation, Upper 
Colorado Region, 125 South State Street, Room 6107, Salt Lake City, 
Utah 84138-1147; telephone (801) 524-3732; faxogram (801) 524-5499; e-
mail: tryan@uc.usbr.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The public review process began with a 
Federal Register notice published on January 15, 2002, announcing the 
sixth review of the Operating Criteria and inviting comments regarding 
whether the Operating Criteria should be modified, and if so, how they 
should be modified (67 FR 1986). The January 15, 2002, notice provided 
for a comment period that ended on March 18, 2002. On March 6, 2002, a 
second notice was published in the Federal Register extending the 
comment period to March 29, 2002, and inviting public feedback on 
whether or not Reclamation should conduct a public meeting to solicit 
comments as part of the sixth review of the Operating Criteria (67 FR 
10225). A letter was then sent to all interested parties, tribes, and 
stakeholders on March 7, 2002, that included copies of both Federal 
Register notices and the Operating Criteria.
    On June 27, 2002, a Fact Sheet providing information on the 
Operating Criteria, scope of the review process, public participation, 
timeline for the review process, and contact information was sent to 
all interested parties and stakeholders. In addition to the Fact Sheet, 
Reclamation set up a Web site (https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/
lroc) for the sixth review of the Operating Criteria that contained 
further information on the review, copies of all comment letters 
received, and links to technical documents Reclamation felt would be 
useful during the review process.
    Detailed written comments were received from 16 interested parties 
providing Reclamation with numerous issues, comments, and concerns 
regarding possible changes to the Operating Criteria. The names of the 
parties that provided comments, as well as the corresponding number 
assigned by Reclamation to the comment letter, are as follows:
    1. Western Area Power Administration, Phoenix, Arizona.
    2. Quechan Indian Tribe.
    3. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.
    4. National Park Service.
    5. Arizona Department of Water Resources.
    6. Sierra Club, Southwest Rivers, Defenders of Wildlife, Land and 
Water Fund of the Rockies, Environmental Defense, Pacific Institute, 
Friends of Arizona Rivers, Living Rivers, and American Rivers.
    7. Interested Party (this entity requested that their name be 
withheld from public disclosure).
    8. Colorado River Board of California.
    9. Western Area Power Administration, Salt Lake City, Utah.
    10. Upper Colorado River Commission.
    11. Irrigation & Electrical Districts Association of Arizona.
    12. Colorado Water Conservation Board, State of Colorado.
    13. New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission.
    14. Office of the Attorney General, Water & Natural Resources 
Division, State of Wyoming.
    15. International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and 
Mexico.
    16. State of Utah, Department of Natural Resources, Division of 
Water Resources.
    The comment letters were reviewed for identification of and 
analysis of the issues. Responses to the comment letters, as well as 
the corresponding number of the party that made the comment, are 
provided under the Synopsis of Comments and Responses section of this 
notice.
    As required by Federal law, formal consultation with the seven 
Basin States, interested parties and stakeholders, as well as 
government-to-government consultation with tribal representatives, was 
conducted during this review of the Operating Criteria. The January 15, 
2002, Federal Register notice stated that open public meetings would be 
conducted as part of this review, and in the March 6, 2002, Federal 
Register notice, Reclamation asked for comments on whether or not a 
public meeting should be held. At the end of the comment period (March 
29, 2002), several of those who provided comments stated that a public 
meeting to solicit comments on the need to revise the Operating 
Criteria was not needed. Accordingly, Reclamation did not conduct a 
public meeting at that point in the review process.
    On November 3, 2004, a Notice of Proposed Decision Regarding the 
Operating Criteria and Announcement of Public Consultation Meeting was 
published in the Federal Register (69 FR 64096). The Notice identified 
the proposed changes to the Operating Criteria as Reclamation's 
response to comments received and invited public input on those 
changes. The notice announced that a public consultation meeting would 
be held in Henderson, Nevada, on November 19, 2004, and provided for a 
comment period that ended on December 6, 2004. On November 4, 2004, a 
letter was sent to all interested parties, tribes, and stakeholders 
containing a copy of the November 3, 2004, Federal Register notice.
    On November 19, 2004, a public consultation meeting was conducted 
to (1) Discuss the proposed changes to the Operating Criteria as 
Reclamation's response to comments received, (2)

[[Page 15874]]

identify any new issues, (3) answer questions from interested parties, 
and (4) update the public on the remainder of the review process. This 
meeting was considered a formal consultation with the seven Basin 
States, interested parties and stakeholders, as well as government-to-
government consultation with tribal representatives as described in the 
November 3, 2004, Federal Register notice.
    During the comment period ending December 6, 2004, written comments 
were received from 11 interested parties. The names of the parties that 
provided comments, as well as the corresponding number assigned by 
Reclamation to the comment letter, are as follows:
    17. Sierra Club, High Country Citizens' Alliance.
    18. Upper Colorado River Commission.
    19. Friends of Lake Powell.
    20. Brynn C. Johns.
    21. State of Utah, Department of Natural Resources, Division of 
Water Resources.
    22. Page Electric Utility.
    23. Colorado Water Conservation Board, State of Colorado.
    24. City of Page, Arizona.
    25. Grand Canyon Trust.
    26. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.
    27. Colorado River Board of California.
    The additional comment letters were reviewed for identification of 
and analysis of the issues. Responses to all of the comments received, 
as well as the corresponding number of the party that made the comment, 
are provided under the Synopsis of Comments and Responses section of 
this notice.
    Following analysis of all comments received as a result of this 
review, the National Environmental Policy Act was applied to the 
Secretary's proposed final decision. It was determined that the 
proposed modifications to the text of the Operating Criteria were 
administrative in nature and did not constitute a major federal action 
significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. 
Therefore, a Categorical Exclusion was prepared by Reclamation.
    Background: The Operating Criteria, promulgated pursuant to section 
602 of the 1968 Colorado River Basin Project Act (Pub. L. 90-537), were 
published in the Federal Register on June 10, 1970 (35 FR 8951). In 
order to comply with and carry out the provisions of the Colorado River 
Compact, the Upper Colorado River Basin Compact, and the Mexican Water 
Treaty, the Operating Criteria provide for the coordinated long-range 
operation of the reservoirs constructed and operated under the 
authority of the Colorado River Storage Project Act, the Boulder Canyon 
Project Act, and the Boulder Canyon Project Adjustment Act. The 
Operating Criteria state that the Secretary will sponsor a formal 
review of the Operating Criteria at least every five years with 
participation by Colorado River Basin State representatives as each 
Governor may designate and other parties and agencies as the Secretary 
may deem appropriate. As required by Public Law 102-575 (the Grand 
Canyon Protection Act of 1992), the Secretary also consults in this 
review process with the general public including representatives of 
academic and scientific communities, environmental organizations, the 
recreation industry, and contractors for the purchase of federal power 
produced at Glen Canyon Dam.
    Previous reviews of the Operating Criteria were conducted in 1975, 
1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995. These reviews did not propose any changes 
to the Operating Criteria. Prior to 1990, reviews were conducted 
primarily through meetings with and correspondence among 
representatives of the seven Basin States and Reclamation. Because the 
long-range operation of Colorado River reservoirs is important to many 
agencies and individuals, in 1990, through an active public involvement 
process, Reclamation expanded the review of the Operating Criteria to 
include all interested stakeholders. A team consisting of Reclamation 
staff from Salt Lake City, Utah, and Boulder City, Nevada, was 
organized to conduct the 1995 review. For the current review, 
Reclamation staff from Boulder City and Salt Lake City followed a 
similar public process.
    The scope of the review has been consistent with the statutory 
purposes of the Operating Criteria which are ``to comply with and carry 
out the provisions of the Colorado River Compact, Upper Colorado River 
Basin Compact, and Mexican Water Treaty'' 43 U.S.C. 1552(a). Long-range 
operations generally refer to the planning of reservoir operations over 
several decades, as opposed to the Annual Operating Plan which details 
specific reservoir operations for the next operating year, as required 
by 43 U.S.C. 1552(b).
    Modifications to the Operating Criteria: As a result of this 
review, the following modifications will be made to the Operating 
Criteria (additions are shown bolded inside of less than or greater 
than signs < > and deletions are shown bolded inside of brackets [ ]):

Long-Range Operating Criteria

Amended March 21, 2005

Criteria for Coordinated Long-Range Operation of Colorado River 
Reservoirs Pursuant to the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 
September 30, 1968 (Pub. L. 90-537)

    These Operating Criteria are promulgated in compliance with section 
602 of Public Law 90-537. They are to control the coordinated long-
range operation of the storage reservoirs in the Colorado River Basin 
constructed under the authority of the Colorado River Storage Act 
(hereinafter ``Upper Basin Storage Reservoirs'') and the Boulder Canyon 
Project Act (Lake Mead). The Operating Criteria will be administered 
consistent with applicable Federal laws, the Mexican Water Treaty, 
interstate compacts, and decrees relating to the use of the waters of 
the Colorado River.
    The Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter the ``Secretary'') may 
modify the Operating Criteria from time to time in accordance with 
section 602(b) of Pub. L. 90-537. The Secretary will sponsor a formal 
 review of the Operating Criteria at least every 5 years, with 
participation by State representatives as each Governor may designate 
and such other parties and agencies as the Secretary may deem 
appropriate.

I. Annual Report

    (1) On [January 1, 1972, and on] January 1 of each year 
[thereafter], the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress and to the 
Governors of the Colorado River Basin States a report describing the 
actual operation under the adopted criteria for the preceding compact 
water year and the projected plan of operation for the current year.
    (2) The plan of operation shall include such detailed rules and 
quantities as may be necessary and consistent with the criteria 
contained herein, and shall reflect appropriate consideration of the 
uses of the reservoirs for all purposes, including flood control, river 
regulation, beneficial consumptive uses, power production, water 
quality control, recreation, enhancement of fish and wildlife, and 
other environmental factors. The projected plan of operation may be 
revised to reflect the current hydrologic conditions, and the Congress 
and the Governors of the Colorado River Basin States be advised of any 
changes by June of each year.

II. Operation of Upper Basin Reservoirs

    (1) The annual plan of operation shall include a determination by 
the Secretary of the quantity of water

[[Page 15875]]

considered necessary as of September 30 of each year to be in storage 
as required by section 602(a) of Pub. L. 90-537 (hereinafter ``602(a) 
Storage''). The quantity of 602(a) Storage shall be determined by the 
Secretary after consideration of all applicable laws and relevant 
factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
    (a) Historic streamflows;
    (b) The most critical period of record;
    (c) Probabilities of water supply;
    (d) Estimated future depletions of the upper basin, including the 
effects of recurrence of critical periods of water supply;
    (e) The ``Report of the Committee on Probabilities and Test Studies 
to the Task Force on Operating Criteria for the Colorado River,'' dated 
October 30, 1969, and such additional studies as the Secretary deems 
necessary;
    (f) The necessity to assure that upper basin consumptive uses not 
be impaired because of failure to store sufficient water to assure 
deliveries under section 602(a)(1) and (2) of Pub. L. 90-537.
    (2) If in the plan of operation, either:
    (a) the Upper Basin Storage Reservoirs active storage forecast for 
September 30 of the current year is less than the quantity of 602(a) 
Storage determined by the Secretary under Article II(1) hereof, for 
that date; or
    (b) the Lake Powell active storage forecast for that date is less 
than the Lake Mead active storage forecast for that date;
the objective shall be to maintain a minimum release of water from Lake 
Powell of 8.23 million acre-feet for that year. [However, for the years 
ending September 30, 1971 and 1972, the release may be greater than 
8.23 million acre-feet if necessary to deliver 75,000,000 acre-feet at 
Lee Ferry for the 10-year period ending September 30, 1972.]
    (3) If, in the plan of operation, the Upper Basin Storage 
Reservoirs active storage forecast for September 30 of the current 
water year is greater than the quantity of 602(a) Storage determination 
for that date, water shall be released annually from Lake Powell at a 
rate greater than 8.23 million acre-feet per year to the extent 
necessary to accomplish any or all of the following objectives:
    (a) to the extent it can be reasonably applied in the States of the 
Lower Division to the uses specified in Article III(e) of the Colorado 
River Compact, but no such releases shall be made when the active 
storage in Lake Powell is less than the active storage in Lake Mead,
    (b) to maintain, as nearly as practicable, active storage in Lake 
Mead equal to the active storage in Lake Powell, and
    (c) to avoid anticipated spills from Lake Powell.
    (4) In the application of Article II(3)(b) herein, the annual 
release will be made to the extent that it can be passed through Glen 
Canyon Powerplant when operated at the available capability of the 
powerplant. Any water thus retained in Lake Powell to avoid bypass of 
water at the Glen Canyon Powerplant will be released through the Glen 
Canyon Powerplant as soon as practicable to equalize the active storage 
in Lake Powell and Lake Mead.
    (5) Releases from Lake Powell pursuant to these criteria shall not 
prejudice the position of either the upper or lower basin interests 
with respect to required deliveries at Lee Ferry pursuant to the 
Colorado River Compact.

III. Operation of Lake Mead

    (1) Water released from Lake Powell, plus the tributary inflows 
between Lake Powell and Lake Mead, shall be regulated in Lake Mead and 
either pumped from Lake Mead or released to the Colorado River to meet 
requirements as follows:
    (a) Mexican Treaty obligations;
    (b) Reasonable consumptive use requirements of mainstream users in 
the Lower Basin;
    (c) Net river losses;
    (d) Net reservoir losses;
    (e) Regulatory wastes.
    (2) [Until such time as mainstream water is delivered by means of 
the Central Arizona Project, the consumptive use requirements of 
Article III(1)(b) of these Operating Criteria will be met.] <(Adopted: 
June 10, 1970, Deleted: March 21, 2005)>
    (3) After commencement of delivery of mainstream water by means of 
the Central Arizona Project, the consumptive use requirements of 
Article III(1)(b) of these Operating Criteria will be met to the 
following extent:
    (a) Normal: The annual pumping and release from Lake Mead will be 
sufficient to satisfy 7,500,000 acre-feet of annual consumptive use in 
accordance with the decree in Arizona v. California, 376 U.S. 340 
(1964).
    (b) Surplus: The Secretary shall determine from time to time when 
water in quantities greater than ``Normal'' is available for either 
pumping or release from Lake Mead pursuant to Article II(b)(2) of the 
decree in Arizona v. California after consideration of all relevant 
factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
    (i) the requirements stated in Article III(1) of these Operating 
Criteria;
    (ii) requests for water by holders of water delivery contracts with 
the United States, and of other rights recognized in the decree in 
Arizona v. California;
    (iii) actual and forecast quantities of active storage in Lake Mead 
and the Upper Basin Storage Reservoirs; and
    (iv) estimated net inflow to Lake Mead.
    (c) Shortage: The Secretary shall determine from time to time when 
insufficient mainstream water is available to satisfy annual 
consumptive use requirements of 7,500,000 acre-feet after consideration 
of all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
    (i) the requirements stated in Article III(1) of these Operating 
Criteria;
    (ii) actual and forecast quantities of active storage in Lake Mead;
    (iii) estimate of net inflow to Lake Mead for the current year;
    (iv) historic streamflows, including the most critical period of 
record;
    (v) priorities set forth in Article II(A) of the decree in Arizona 
v. California; and
    (vi) the purposes stated in Article I(2) of these Operating 
Criteria.
    The shortage provisions of Article II(B)(3) of the decree in 
Arizona v. California shall thereupon become effective and consumptive 
uses from the mainstream shall be restricted to the extent determined 
by the Secretary to be required by section 301(b) of Public Law 90-537.

IV. Definitions

    (1) In addition to the definitions in section 606 of Public Law 90-
537, the following shall also apply:
    (a) ``Spills,'' as used in Article II(3)(c) herein, means water 
released from Lake Powell which cannot be utilized for project 
purposes, including, but not limited to, the generation of power and 
energy.
    (b) ``Surplus,'' as used in Article III(3)(b) herein, is water 
which can be used to meet consumptive use [demands] in the three Lower 
Division States in excess of 7,500,000 acre-feet annually. The term 
``surplus'' as used in these Operating Criteria is not to be construed 
as applied to, being interpretive of, or in any manner having reference 
to the term ``surplus'' in  the Colorado River Compact .
    (c) ``Net inflow to Lake Mead,'' as used in Article III(3)(b)(iv) 
and (c)(iii) herein, represents the annual inflow to Lake Mead in 
excess of losses from Lake Mead.
    (d) ``Available capability,'' used in Article II(4) herein, means 
that portion

[[Page 15876]]

of the total capacity of the powerplant that is physically available 
for generation.
    Synopsis of Comments and Responses: Cited below is a synopsis of 
the comments received during the sixth review of the Operating Criteria 
and responses to those comments. The number(s) in parentheses following 
each comment refer(s) to the party that made the comment (please see 
the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this notice for a numbered 
list of the commenting parties).
    Comment No. 1--(Letter No. 2): Reclamation must draft and implement 
the Operating Criteria in accordance with Federal law, which includes * 
* * treaties establishing Indian reservations and their reserved water 
rights. * * * Accordingly, the Quechan Tribe is extremely concerned 
that the Operating Criteria and its implementation not interfere with 
the tribe's senior perfected federal reserved water rights. * * * The 
tribe requests that Reclamation review its Operating Criteria in that 
light, and make any necessary modifications.
    Response: The Operating Criteria do not affect the Quechan Tribe's 
senior water rights to use all of its Present Perfected Rights, 
including any additional rights granted in a supplemental decree. The 
Operating Criteria specifically state that they will be administered 
consistent with applicable federal laws. Some issues regarding the 
water rights of the Quechan Tribe are pending in active litigation 
before the United States Supreme Court in Arizona v. California. The 
Operating Criteria will be administered in a manner consistent with any 
further decisions from the Court in this regard. The Department of the 
Interior notes that the Court has established a priority date of 
January 9, 1884, for the federal reserved rights awarded to the tribe 
to date.
    Comment No. 2--(Letter No. 2): The Quechan Tribe is also concerned 
that the Operating Criteria and its implementation not inappropriately 
facilitate, validate, or permanently secure use by others of Colorado 
River water that the tribe is not beneficially using. * * * Reclamation 
should therefore not designate water as ``surplus'' to the extent that 
such designation makes the water available for others.
    Response: On an annual basis, determinations of availability of 
``surplus'' water are made as part of the Annual Operating Plan 
process, and are based upon the Interim Surplus Guidelines adopted by 
the Secretary of the Interior (66 FR 7772-82). Determinations of 
``surplus'' conditions are consistent with the provisions of Article 
II(B)(2) of the Decree entered by the United States Supreme Court in 
Arizona v. California, 376 U.S. 340, 342 (1964). The Department does 
not believe that the Operating Criteria or the Interim Surplus 
Guidelines inappropriately facilitate, validate, or permanently secure 
use by others of Colorado River water that the tribe is not using at 
this time. Nor does the Department believe that the Operating Criteria 
would preclude the tribe or any entitlement holder from using their 
Colorado River entitlement in the future. In short, the Operating 
Criteria do not alter the quantity or priority of tribal entitlements.
    Comment No. 3--(Letter No. 2): The Quechan Tribe asks that 
Reclamation consider whether the present and future plans for tribal 
water marketing and banking mandate modification to the Operating 
Criteria, particularly in light of Reclamation's trust responsibilities 
to Indian tribes and their members.
    Response: The Department does not believe that a change to the 
Operating Criteria is warranted due to any plans that the tribe may 
have with respect to future marketing and banking of tribal water. The 
Operating Criteria do not define nor will they alter the quantity or 
priority of tribal entitlements. The Operating Criteria provide for the 
coordinated long-range operation of the reservoirs constructed and 
operated under the authority of the Colorado River Storage Project Act 
and the Boulder Canyon Project Act for the purposes of complying with 
and carrying out the provisions of the Colorado River Compact, Upper 
Colorado River Basin Compact, and Mexican Water Treaty.
    Comment No. 4--(Letter No. 2): The Quechan Tribe asks that 
Reclamation consider whether Arizona's and Nevada's full use of their 
allotments mandates modification to the Operating Criteria, 
particularly in light of Reclamation's trust responsibilities to Indian 
tribes and their members.
    Response: The Department does not believe that a change to the 
Operating Criteria is warranted due to Arizona's and Nevada's current 
estimated use of Colorado River water. The Operating Criteria do not 
define nor will they alter state apportionments or the rights of 
individual entities to Colorado River water.
    Comment No. 5--(Letter No. 2): The Quechan Tribe asks that 
Reclamation consider whether the overallocation of the Colorado River 
mandates modification to the Operating Criteria, particularly in light 
of Reclamation's trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and their 
members. Please note that the tribe has proposed a Tribal Accounting 
Pool in Lake Mead to allow undeveloped tribal waters to be tracked by 
an in-reservoir accounting system.
    Response: The Department does not believe that a change to the 
Operating Criteria is warranted due to allocations of the Colorado 
River. The Operating Criteria implement and carry out the provisions of 
the Colorado River Compact, Upper Colorado River Basin Compact, and 
Mexican Water Treaty, as well as federal statutory law. These sources 
of the basin and state allocations to Colorado River water control 
Reclamation actions pursuant to the Operating Criteria. While annual 
yield calculations made early in the 20th century have been revised 
pursuant to additional data, the Operating Criteria do not define or 
alter any rights of individual entities to Colorado River water.
    The Department acknowledges that the Ten Tribes Partnership (in 
comments to Reclamation on the Draft Interim Surplus Criteria 
Environmental Impact Statement) proposed the Tribal Accounting Pool 
(TAP) in Lake Mead. The TAP was a proposed methodology to track the 
amounts of undeveloped tribal water and determine the portion of 
surplus, normal, and shortage water delivered to other non-partnership 
Lower Basin users as a result of undeveloped Ten Tribes' water in the 
Lower Basin. The Department of the Interior did not include the TAP 
methodology as part of the Interim Surplus Guidelines and does not 
believe that revision of the Operating Criteria to include the TAP 
methodology is appropriate. See e.g., U.S. Department of the Interior, 
Response to Ten Tribes Partnership, Interim Surplus Guidelines, Final 
Environmental Impact Statement, Volume III at page B-208 (Comment 13).
    Comment No. 6--(Letter No. 2): The Quechan Tribe asks Reclamation 
to consider whether Reclamation should adopt the Operating Criteria as 
a rule, pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act.
    Response: The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) was originally 
enacted in 1946, was significantly amended in 1966, and has been 
subsequently modified by Congress. Primary purposes of the APA are (1) 
to require agencies to keep the public informed on organization, 
procedures, and rules; (2) to provide for public participation in the 
rulemaking process; (3) to prescribe uniform standards of conduct for 
rulemaking and adjudicatory proceedings; and (4) to

[[Page 15877]]

address judicial review of agency decisionmaking.
    The APA addresses rulemaking. A ``rule'' is defined as: ``the whole 
or part of an agency statement of general or particular applicability 
and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or 
policy or describing the organization, procedure, or practice 
requirements of an agency * * *'' 5 U.S.C. 551(4). Rulemaking is 
usually referred to as either formal or informal. While developed 
pursuant to specific provisions of the Colorado River Basin Project 
Act, the review of the Operating Criteria should be categorized as 
informal rulemaking.
    Consistent with the APA, Reclamation has provided for public 
participation and review of the Operating Criteria. Reclamation has 
developed a thorough administrative record. Notices regarding five-year 
reviews are also publicly noticed through the Federal Register. All 
comment letters received and notes from public meetings, as well as any 
analysis performed by Reclamation, are part of the public record. The 
public has been kept informed of the intent of the review and 
encouraged to participate. The Department believes that it is meeting 
the requirements of the APA and all actions are in accordance with 
applicable federal law.
    Comment No. 7--(Letter No. 2): The Quechan Tribe is also concerned 
about the Operating Criteria's cumulative effects on the Colorado River 
and on its senior rights in the river when considered with the many 
other federal activities that affect the flow of the Colorado River.
    Response: See response to Comments No. 1 and 2.
    Comment No. 8--(Letter No. 2): The Quechan Tribe requests that 
Reclamation comply with the National Environmental Policy Act if it (1) 
modifies the Operating Criteria or (2) determines that application of 
the Operating Criteria has or will have significant adverse effects 
(short- or long-term) on the environment, the tribe's water rights, or 
the Fort Yuma Reservation.
    Response: Reclamation complies with the National Environmental 
Policy Act (NEPA) with respect to its activities. In the past, 
Reclamation elected to utilize its NEPA process to evaluate the five-
year review process and any proposed changes.
    The Department is making a number of changes to the Operating 
Criteria through this notice that are editorial in nature. These 
changes fall into several categories: a minor textural addition, 
textural clarification of facts, and deletions of text referring to 
operational requirements and/or other events completed in the past. All 
of these editorial changes are administrative in nature and their 
implementation would not individually or cumulatively have a 
significant effect on the quality of the human environment or tribal 
resources. Reclamation has completed a Categorical Exclusion checklist 
supporting a Departmental Categorical Exclusion for this action.
    Comment No. 9--(Letter No. 3): If there is no Quantification 
Settlement Agreement, Reclamation should review the Operating Criteria 
to better achieve the purposes of the 1922 Colorado River Compact.
    Response: The Department of the Interior and the California 
entities completed the Quantification Settlement Agreement on October 
10, 2003.
    Comment No. 10--(Letter No. 4): National Park protection should be 
one of the factors considered in development of the annual plan of 
operation (Article I(2)), including provisions for any experimental 
flows necessary to meet the purposes of the Grand Canyon Protection 
Act.
    Response: Article I of the Operating Criteria concerns the Annual 
Report. In Article I(2) it states: ``The plan of operation shall 
include such detailed rules and quantities as may be necessary and 
consistent with the criteria contained herein, and shall reflect 
appropriate consideration of the uses of the reservoirs for all 
purposes, including flood control, river regulation, beneficial 
consumptive uses, power production, water quality control, recreation, 
enhancement of fish and wildlife, and other environmental factors.'' 
Because the Operating Criteria are ``administered consistent with 
applicable Federal laws'' (which include the Grand Canyon Protection 
Act), National Park protection is already currently considered in the 
annual plan of operation under the existing Operating Criteria. See 
introductory paragraph of Operating Criteria. Moreover, Reclamation has 
promulgated Glen Canyon Operating Criteria (and operating plans) 
pursuant to the requirements of section 1804(b) and (c) of the Grand 
Canyon Protection Act that specifically address the applicable 
requirements of that Act. As provided in the Grand Canyon Protection 
Act, these Glen Canyon Operating Criteria (and operating plans) are 
``separate from and in addition to those specified in section 602(b) of 
the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1968.'' See Grand Canyon 
Protection Act at section 1804(c)(1)(A). The reference to section 
602(b) is the statutory provision which requires preparation of the 
Colorado River Annual Plan of Operation referenced in Article I(2) of 
the Operating Criteria. Accordingly, the Department does not believe 
that it is necessary for the Operating Criteria to be specifically 
modified to reflect that fact.
    Comment No. 11--(Letters No. 4 and 17): The Grand Canyon Protection 
Act should be specifically mentioned as one of the relevant factors to 
be considered in the operation of Upper Basin reservoirs (Article 
II(3)).
    Response: The existing Operating Criteria contain language stating 
that the Operating Criteria are administered consistent with applicable 
federal laws, which by definition, includes the Grand Canyon Protection 
Act. The Grand Canyon Protection Act is not mentioned explicitly in 
Article II(3), but is considered in the context that it is an 
applicable federal law. In addition, see response to Comment No. 10.
    Comment No. 12--(Letters No. 4 and 17): With provisions now in 
place for Beach/Habitat-Building Flows from Glen Canyon Dam, Article 
II(4) is no longer completely accurate as written. We propose the 
following rewording: ``Annual releases will be made through the 
powerplant to the extent practicable except when above powerplant 
capacity releases are determined by the Secretary, after giving 
consideration to other applicable factors, to be necessary to meet the 
provisions of the Grand Canyon Protection Act.''
    Response: The scheduling of Beach/Habitat-Building Flows (BHBFs) 
from Glen Canyon Dam has been controversial since the mid-1990s. The 
preferred alternative in the Final Environmental Impact Statement for 
the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam called for BHBFs to take place when 
Lake Powell storage was low. The Colorado River Basin States expressed 
significant reservations with that approach. Subsequently, in the 1996 
Record of Decision, the Secretary of the Interior adopted a strategy 
for scheduling BHBFs that was anticipated to apply during high-
reservoir storage conditions and that was based to a greater extent on 
spill avoidance and dam safety considerations. Through the Glen Canyon 
Dam Adaptive Management Program (AMP), BHBF triggering criteria have 
been further defined based upon spill avoidance and dam safety. These 
BHBF triggering criteria are workable and consistent with the Operating 
Criteria.
    In 2002, a sequence of experimental flows was recommended by the 
AMP. This AMP recommendation was forwarded to the Secretary for her 
consideration and was adopted in

[[Page 15878]]

November 2002. In this experimental flow sequence, one or more BHBFs 
may be made outside of the established BHBF triggering criteria. These 
experimental flows are considered test releases and will be made to 
advance the scientific knowledge of physical and biological process in 
the Grand Canyon ecosystem. The long-term implementation of BHBFs will 
continue to be carried out consistent with the Colorado River Storage 
Project Act, Colorado River Basin Project Act, and BHBF triggering 
criteria.
    In November 2004, the first of these experimental flows that 
utilized releases greater than powerplant capacity was conducted. In 
this high-flow test, 41,000 cubic feet per second was released from 
Glen Canyon Dam for a period of 60 hours. The objective of the test was 
to evaluate the conservation of fine sediments that form beaches, 
riparian plant substrate, and endangered fish habitats. It will take 
approximately 18 months to fully evaluate the test.
    Comment No. 13--(Letter No. 4): Under the Operation of Lake Mead, 
the National Park Service thinks that the Interim Surplus Criteria 
should replace the language in Article III(3)(b) defining ``Surplus.'' 
At least for the next 15 years, the Interim Surplus Criteria Record of 
Decision defines the relevant factors that the Secretary must consider 
in determining whether water quantities greater than ``normal'' are 
available for pumping or release from Lake Mead.
    Response: The Department does not agree that Article III(3)(b) 
language should be updated to reflect adoption of the Interim Surplus 
Guidelines Record of Decision by the Secretary. The Department of the 
Interior specifically considered, and sought public input on, the 
concept of modifying Article III(3)(b) of the Operating Criteria during 
the process that led to adoption of the Interim Surplus Guidelines. See 
64 FR 27010 (May 18, 1999). After reviewing the public comments 
received, the Department announced its intention to adopt ``interim 
implementing criteria pursuant to Article III(3) of the Long-Range 
Operating Criteria'' rather than modifying the actual text of the 
Operating Criteria. See 64 FR 68373 (December 7, 1999). This approach 
was carried through and set forth in the Record of Decision adopted by 
the Secretary. See 66 FR 7772, 7780 at section XI(5) (``These 
Guidelines, which shall implement and be used for determinations made 
pursuant to Article III(3)(b) of the [Operating Criteria] * * * are 
hereby adopted * * *'').
    Comment No. 14--(Letters No. 4 and 6): The Department should begin 
a process for shortage determination.
    Response: In the past year Reclamation has provided data and 
information regarding drought analysis and reservoir operations to 
representatives of the seven Colorado River Basin States, the Western 
Area Power Administration, and non-governmental organizations that have 
expressed an interest. Reclamation continues to monitor reservoir 
storage and basin hydrologic conditions and anticipates beginning a 
process in spring 2005 to evaluate alternatives regarding the 
development of shortage guidelines for the delivery of water to the 
three Lower Division States (Arizona, California, and Nevada).
    Comment No. 15--(Letter No. 6): As noted in the January 15, 2002, 
Federal Register notice (67 FR 1986), the Secretary's consultation 
responsibilities have been specifically extended to encompass the 
general public. We recommend that this responsibility be reflected in 
the Operating Criteria by adding the phrase ``and the public'' to the 
end of the second introductory paragraph.
    Response: The Department agrees that section 1804 of the Grand 
Canyon Protection Act specifically modifies Federal law applicable to 
the Operating Criteria, and by that Act, Congress extended the 
consultation process to encompass the general public. The Department 
has included a modification to reflect this responsibility.
    Comment No. 16--(Letters No. 6 and 17): The Grand Canyon Protection 
Act (Pub. L. 102-575) charged the Secretary with operating Glen Canyon 
Dam ``in such a manner as to protect, mitigate impacts to, and improve 
the values for which Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon 
National Recreation Area were established.'' We recommend that the 
protection and enhancement of these values be inserted as reservoir 
uses that are considered in developing the annual operating plan under 
Article I(2) of the Operating Criteria by adding the phrase 
``protection of cultural resources'' after ``water quality control'' 
and before ``recreation'' and by adding the phrase ``protection and 
enhancement of fish and wildlife'' before ``and other environmental 
factors.''
    Response: See response to Comment No. 10.
    Comment No. 17--(Letter No. 6): Although the phrase ``recurrence of 
critical periods of water supply'' that is included in Article II(1)(d) 
may have been universally understood when the Operating Criteria were 
originally established, its meaning is unclear to us. We recommend that 
either a definition of this phrase be included in the definitions 
section or that the entire clause beginning with the word ``including'' 
be deleted.
    Response: The term ``critical period'' is used twice in the 
Operating Criteria. A ``critical period'' is a general concept used in 
water supply planning representing a sequence of drier than average 
years with below normal runoff. Water supply management must account 
for these periods of below normal runoff and their ``recurrence'' to 
assure a consistent supply of water. As used in the context of Colorado 
River management, the phrase ``recurrence of critical periods'' means: 
the frequency at which critical periods (sequences of years with below 
normal runoff) have occurred in the past and are likely to recur in the 
future. The Department believes that the current language in the 
Operating Criteria is relevant and should remain in the Operating 
Criteria. The Department does not agree that this term requires a 
specific definition.
    Comment No. 18--(Letter No. 6): We question whether the ``Report of 
the Committee on Probabilities and Test Studies to the Task Force on 
Operating Criteria for the Colorado River,'' dated October 30, 1969, 
which is referenced in Article II(1)(e) of the Operating Criteria, 
still has relevance in determining 602(a) Storage. We request either 
that Reclamation provide us with a copy of that report or a summary of 
it, or that Article II(1)(e) be deleted from the Operating Criteria.
    Response: As requested, a copy of the ``Report of the Committee on 
Probabilities and Test Studies to the Task Force on Operating Criteria 
for the Colorado River'' has been made available on our Web site at 
https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/lroc.
    Comment No. 19--(Letters No. 6 and 17): The Secretary and her 
agencies are engaged in modification of river operations in various 
parts of the basin in order to meet their responsibilities under the 
Endangered Species Act. In order to reflect these changes, we recommend 
that a new subsection be added to Article II(1) that reads: 
``Streamflow requirements of fish and wildlife, and other environmental 
values.''
    Response: The Department notes that Article II(1) of the Operating 
Criteria is applicable to, and lists relevant factors for, 
determination of 602(a) Storage. The Operating Criteria are 
``administered consistent with applicable Federal laws'' (which include 
the Endangered Species Act). See introductory paragraph of Operating 
Criteria. As with

[[Page 15879]]

other aspects of applicable federal law, the Endangered Species Act 
applies to proposed discretionary actions undertaken by federal 
agencies and its consideration is implicit in the existing Operating 
Criteria. Accordingly, the Department does not believe that it is 
necessary for the Operating Criteria to be modified.
    Comment No. 20--(Letter No. 6): The last sentence in Article II(2) 
of the Operating Criteria refers to operations in 1971 and 1972, and is 
no longer relevant. We recommend that this sentence be deleted.
    Response: The Department concurs with the recommendation. The 
references to operations in 1971 and 1972 are no longer relevant and 
the Department has deleted those sentences from the Operating Criteria.
    Comment No. 21--(Letters No. 6 and 17): In recognition of the 
Secretary's responsibilities under the Grand Canyon Protection Act and 
the Endangered Species Act, we recommend that a new subsection (d) be 
added to Article II(3) that reads: ``to meet the requirements of the 
Grand Canyon Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act.''
    Response: See response to Comments No. 11 and 19.
    Comment No. 22--(Letter No. 6): Given that the Colorado River 
Storage Project Act lists generation of hydroelectric power as an 
incidental purpose for Glen Canyon Dam, and that the Record of Decision 
on the operation of Glen Canyon Dam interprets the mandates of the 
Grand Canyon Protection Act to allow bypass of water at the Glen Canyon 
Powerplant under limited conditions and for specified purposes, we 
suggest that the language in Article II(4) is not appropriate. We 
recommend that this section be deleted.
    Response: Article II(4) specifies the method that water will be 
released from Lake Powell when such releases are needed in the 
application of Article II(3)(b) to maintain, as nearly as practicable, 
active storage in Lake Mead equal to the active storage in Lake Powell. 
The Glen Canyon Dam Record of Decision does not address spilling water 
released for storage equalization purposes. Article II(4), as written, 
is necessary in specifying how storage equalization releases from Lake 
Powell should be made.
    Comment No. 23--(Letters No. 6 and 17): In recognition of the 
Secretary's responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy 
Act, the Endangered Species Act, as well as the Law of the River, we 
recommend inserting the following phrase at the beginning of Section 
III(1): ``Consistent with applicable federal laws, including but not 
limited to the National Environmental Policy Act and the Endangered 
Species Act.''
    Response: The existing Operating Criteria contain language stating 
that the Operating Criteria are administered consistent with applicable 
federal laws, which by definition, includes the National Environmental 
Policy Act and the Endangered Species Act. In addition, see response to 
Comments No. 11 and 19.
    Comment No. 24--(Letter No. 6): Article III(2) is no longer 
pertinent and we recommend that it be deleted.
    Response: The Department agrees that Article III(2) is no longer 
pertinent since the Central Arizona Project began delivering water in 
1985. The Department has deleted the language in Article III(2).
    Comment No. 25--(Letter No. 6): To reflect the mandates of the 
Grand Canyon Protection Act within the universe of project purposes at 
Glen Canyon Dam, we recommend adding the phrase ``and the protection 
and enhancement of national park values in Grand Canyon National Park 
and/or Glen Canyon National Recreation Area'' at the end of Article 
IV(1)(a).
    Response: The Department believes that Article IV(1)(a), as 
written, adequately defines spills. The language, as written, enables 
appropriate flexibility in the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to 
accomplish project purposes.
    Comment No. 26--(Letter No. 6): Delete the word ``demands'' in 
Article IV(1)(b) of the Operating Criteria.
    Response: To maintain consistency with Article III of the Operating 
Criteria and the 1964 Decree in Arizona v. California, the Department 
agrees that the word ``demands'' should be deleted in Article IV(1)(b). 
The Department has deleted the word ``demands'' from Article IV(1)(b).
    Comment No. 27--(Letter No. 6): Since Article IV(1)(d) defines a 
term used solely in Section II(4), we recommend that it be deleted 
along with Article II(4).
    Response: As Article II(4) remains relevant in the Operating 
Criteria (see response to Comment No. 22), Article IV(1)(d) needs to 
remain in the Operating Criteria. The term ``available capability,'' as 
defined in Article IV(1)(d), is used in Article II(4).
    Comment No. 28--(Letter No. 6): The Interim Surplus Guidelines are 
having a negative effect on the Colorado delta.
    Response: The Record of Decision for the Colorado River Interim 
Surplus Guidelines Final Environmental Impact Statement states that 
five-year reviews of the Interim Surplus Guidelines may be conducted, 
and if so, such reviews would be coordinated with the Operating 
Criteria review. The Interim Surplus Guidelines became effective in 
February 2001 and were first applied in the 2002 Annual Operating Plan. 
At this time, there is no need for a review of the Interim Surplus 
Guidelines. In the future, however, actual operating conditions may 
warrant a review of the Interim Surplus Guidelines.
    Comment No. 29--(Letters No. 6 and 17): Conduct an environmental 
review of the Operating Criteria under the National Environmental 
Policy Act.
    Response: See response to Comment No. 8.
    Comment No. 30--(Letter No. 6): A Categorical Exclusion is 
arbitrary and capricious because the actual promulgation of the 
Operating Criteria has not been evaluated in a National Environmental 
Policy Act process.
    Response: See response to Comment No. 8.
    Comment No. 31--(Letter No. 16): The development and implementation 
process for the Interim Surplus Guidelines more than fulfilled the 
requirements for a five-year review. The Colorado River Basin States 
and the Secretary of the Interior have already agreed on how to operate 
the Colorado River for the next 15 years. The state of Utah does not 
see the need to spend time and resources on a review of the Operating 
Criteria.
    Response: The Operating Criteria explicitly call for their own 
formal review at least every five years. The Department intends to 
follow the requirements of the Operating Criteria. The last review was 
completed with a Federal Register notice published on February 24, 1998 
(63 FR 9256). The Interim Surplus Guidelines serve to implement Article 
III(3)(b) of the Operating Criteria. The Interim Surplus Guidelines may 
be reviewed concurrently with the five-year review of the Operating 
Criteria pursuant to Section 3 of the Interim Surplus Guidelines.
    Comment No. 32--(Letters No. 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 
16, 23, and 27): No changes to the Operating Criteria are warranted at 
this time.
    Response: The Secretary of the Interior has made a number of 
limited modifications to the Operating Criteria in this Federal 
Register notice. However, in making those modifications, the Secretary 
found that in all other respects the Operating Criteria continue to 
meet the purpose and goals for which they were developed and the 
requirements of section 602 of the 1968 Colorado River Basin Project 
Act. The Secretary

[[Page 15880]]

believes that neither the structure, format, nor content of the 
Operating Criteria require significant revisions as a result of actual 
operating experience. By this Federal Register notice, based on 
information submitted for review by the Department of the Interior, the 
Secretary has made a number of limited modifications to the text of the 
Operating Criteria. The bases for the changes are: (1) Specific change 
in Federal law applicable to the Operating Criteria, (2) language in 
the current text of the Operating Criteria that is outdated, and (3) 
specific modifications to Article IV(b) of the Operating Criteria that 
reflect actual operating experience.
    Comment No. 33--(Letter No. 18): We do not object to the changes 
proposed in the Federal Register notice.
    Response: Comment noted.
    Comment No. 34--(Letter No. 18): The Upper Colorado River 
Commission does not endorse the assumption and objective in the 
Operating Criteria of a minimum release of water from Lake Powell of 
8.23 million acre-feet every year. If such a number is used in the 
Operating Criteria, it must be understood that this is a planning 
objective which may be modified in the Annual Operating Plan (AOP) to 
reflect current conditions and in accordance with Colorado River 
Compact requirements. We remain concerned about the drought and 
depletion of storage at Lake Powell. It is imperative that the 
Operating Criteria be interpreted to have sufficient flexibility to 
allow for modifications in the AOP as needed to reflect critical 
conditions and Colorado River Compact requirements.
    Response: Article III of the Colorado River Compact contains 
several provisions relating to the release of water from the Upper 
Basin to the Lower Basin. The specification of a minimum annual release 
objective from Glen Canyon Dam is found only in Article II(2) of the 
Operating Criteria which states that '' * * * the objective shall be to 
maintain a minimum release of water from Lake Powell of 8.23 million 
acre-feet * * *.''
    Because the minimum annual release objective is higher than inflow 
during periods of drought, storage in Lake Powell is drawn down during 
a drought. The more severe the drought, the more significant the 
drawdown is at Lake Powell. Storage in Lake Powell recovers during 
normal or wet years. Lake Mead storage decreases during drought as 
well, but does so at a slower rate because of the presence of the 
minimum annual release objective from Lake Powell.
    Representatives of the seven Colorado River Basin States, 
Reclamation, and the Western Area Power Administration are 
investigating impacts of prolonged drought where reducing the release 
from Lake Powell below the 8.23 million acre-foot per year objective 
would protect the minimum power pool at Lake Powell and the water 
supply for the Upper Division States of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and 
Wyoming. The 2005 Colorado River Annual Operating Plan (AOP) calls for 
an April 2005 mid-year review of the 2005 annual release amount from 
Lake Powell to determine if the runoff forecast warrants an adjustment 
to the annual release for water year 2005.
    Determinations of Upper Basin annual deliveries (annual releases 
from Lake Powell) are made in the AOP. The AOP is prepared each year by 
the Department of the Interior through the Bureau of Reclamation in 
consultation with the seven Basin States Governors' representatives; 
the Upper Colorado River Commission; Native American tribes; 
appropriate federal agencies; representatives of the academic and 
scientific communities, environmental organizations, and the recreation 
industry; water delivery contractors; contractors for the purchase of 
federal power; others interested in Colorado River operations; and the 
general public through the Colorado River Management Work Group. The 
Department, through Reclamation, will continue to address issues 
related to low reservoir storage caused by drought in the AOP 
consultation process.
    Comment No. 35--(Letter No. 18): Decisions regarding the timing for 
the next review should be left open.
    Response: The Department has made no decision regarding the timing 
of the next review of the Operating Criteria.
    Comment No. 36--(Letter No. 19): It is critical for the Operating 
Criteria for reservoir operations to uphold the intent of the 1922 
Colorado River Compact. The Operating Criteria should be flexible and 
responsive to variations in hydrologic conditions, and should not 
jeopardize the interests of the Upper Basin.
    Response: See response to Comment No. 34.
    Comment No. 37--(Letter No. 19): The 1922 Colorado River Compact 
anticipating fluctuating hydrologic conditions specified Upper Basin 
water deliveries as a 10-year progressive series. We note that the 
existing Operating Criteria dictate the minimal annual release of 8.23 
million acre-feet which is counter to Article III(d) of the 1922 
Colorado River Compact.
    Response: See response to Comment No. 34.
    Comment No. 38--(Letter No. 19): We are also concerned that the 
Operating Criteria contain a requirement to equalize Lake Mead with 
Lake Powell during times of Upper Basin water surpluses, but that there 
are no provisions to equalize the level of Lake Powell with Lake Mead 
during times of Upper Basin drought for so long as the Upper Basin is 
conditionally satisfying its 10-year water delivery obligations.
    Response: Article II(3) of the Operating Criteria contains a 
requirement that releases greater than 8.23 million acre-feet be made 
only when reservoir storage in the Upper Basin is greater than 602(a) 
Storage. Article II(1) of the Operating Criteria describes 602(a) 
Storage.
    There is no provision in the Operating Criteria to equalize the 
level of Lake Powell with Lake Mead during times of drought when 
reservoir storage in Lake Powell is lower than Lake Mead. However, 
river simulation modeling of the Colorado River system shows that in 
the future there will be times when Lake Powell storage will be greater 
than Lake Mead. This will occur because of the application of 602(a) 
Storage provisions. See Colorado River Basin Project Act at section 
602(a). Following a drought, the 602(a) Storage provision in the 
Operating Criteria allows Lake Powell to refill to a level sufficient 
to protect the Upper Basin from future droughts. Releases greater than 
the objective minimum are not made from Lake Powell until this level of 
storage is achieved. It is likely that when the current drought comes 
to an end, during a year (or series of years) with above average inflow 
to Lake Powell, reservoir storage in Lake Powell will exceed that of 
Lake Mead.
    In 2004, an Interim 602(a) Storage Guideline was adopted that set 
14.85 million acre-feet of storage (elevation 3,630 feet) at Lake 
Powell as the minimum level for 602(a) Storage through the year 2016. 
See 69 FR 28945 (May 19, 2004). Under this interim guideline, releases 
greater than the minimum objective release will not be made when Lake 
Powell is projected to be below elevation 3,630 feet. Thus, while Lake 
Powell storage decreases faster than Lake Mead during periods of 
drought, the 602(a) Storage provision allows Lake Powell storage to 
rebound quicker than Lake Mead when there is a return to average or 
wetter than average hydrology. In addition, see response to Comment No. 
34.
    Comment No. 39--(Letter No. 19): Presently, there exists a large 
imbalance between the water volumes in Lake Mead and Lake Powell (14.3 
million acre-feet to 8.8 million acre-feet), which

[[Page 15881]]

has jeopardized the interests of the Upper Basin and put at risk the 
future generation of hydroelectric power at Glen Canyon Dam.
    Response: The severity of the drought over the past five years in 
combination with the objective to maintain a minimum release of 8.23 
million acre-feet has caused a significant drawdown of Lake Powell. The 
minimum release objective contained in the Operating Criteria results 
in Lake Powell storage decreasing during periods of drought. From 1988 
through 1992, there was a five-year drought in the Colorado River Basin 
and the water surface elevation of Lake Powell decreased by 89 feet. 
The drought of the past five years (2000-2004) is more severe than the 
drought that occurred from 1988 to 1992. Records show the current 
drought to be the most severe five-year drought in the Colorado River 
Basin in over 100 years of recordkeeping. Because of this, Lake Powell 
has experienced a significant reduction in storage.
    Elevation 3,490 feet at Lake Powell has been identified as the 
minimum level at which hydropower can be generated at Lake Powell. The 
river bypass tubes at Glen Canyon Dam can release water as low as 
elevation 3,370 feet, but no hydropower can be generated by the release 
of water through the river bypass tubes. Elevation 3,370 feet is the 
lowest elevation at which water can be released from Lake Powell. 
Between elevations 3,490 feet and 3,370 feet, there is four million 
acre-feet of storage. The Operating Criteria do not reference these 
elevations at Lake Powell. Previous river simulation modeling of the 
Colorado River system performed by Reclamation showed no occurrences of 
Lake Powell reaching 3,490 feet in the next 50 years when subject to 
the most severe droughts of the 20th century. However, since the 
current five-year drought is worse than any of the 20th century 
droughts, there is now some risk that Lake Powell could reach minimum 
power pool (elevation 3,490 feet) under a scenario of continued drought 
in combination with the continuation of the minimum release objective 
from Lake Powell. The Department will continue to address the issue of 
low reservoir storage at Lake Powell in the Annual Operating Plan 
consultation process. In addition, see response to Comments No. 34 and 
38.
    Comment No. 40--(Letter No. 19): Over the past 10 years, the Upper 
Basin has delivered more than 100 million acre-feet of water to the 
Lower Basin, which now in combination with drought conditions has 
prejudiced the interests of the Upper Basin.
    Response: During the past 10-year period (water years 1995-2004), 
over 100 million acre-feet has flowed past Lee Ferry. The majority of 
this flow occurred during the five-year period of 1995 through 1999 
which was a period with above average flow on the Colorado River. In 
July 1999, Lake Powell storage was 97 percent of capacity. During the 
five-year period of 1995 to 1999, 59.5 million acre-feet flowed past 
Lee Ferry, with reservoirs throughout the Upper Colorado River Basin, 
including Lake Powell, releasing excess water because they were full. 
Release of this water from Lake Powell was necessary because of the 
physical storage limitation of Lake Powell and dam safety 
considerations. During the past five years, the objective in the 
operation of Lake Powell has been to release 8.23 million acre-feet per 
year, consistent with the Operating Criteria. It should also be noted 
that during the late 1990s, flood control releases were taking place 
from Lake Mead in the Lower Basin resulting in a significant volume of 
water, approximately 5 million acre-feet, being released from Lake Mead 
in excess of Lower Basin demands. In addition, see response to Comment 
No. 34.
    Comment No. 41--(Letter No. 19): The existing Operating Criteria 
need clarification that the minimal objective release of 8.23 million 
acre-feet stated in the Operating Criteria is an ``operating target'' 
which is subject to revision in the Annual Operating Plan process.
    Response: See response to Comment No. 34.
    Comment No. 42--(Letter No. 19): The Friends of Lake Powell 
strongly endorse the Annual Operating Plan process. Furthermore, we 
believe that operation of the Colorado River reservoirs can be 
optimized with each Basin sharing more equitably in the burden of 
drought. This would be best accomplished by maintaining, as equally as 
practicable, the active water stored in Lake Powell and Lake Mead (for 
so long as Upper Basin 10-year water delivery obligations are 
satisfied).
    Response: Under the Operating Criteria, Lake Powell storage drops 
below Lake Mead storage during periods of drought. When there is a 
return to average or above average inflow, Lake Powell storage recovers 
faster than storage recovers in Lake Mead. The 602(a) Storage 
requirement allows water storage in Lake Powell to be greater than 
water storage in Lake Mead in the period following a drought. 
Maintaining storage equal in Lake Powell and Lake Mead as an operating 
strategy would be counter to the 602(a) Storage requirement and could 
put the Upper Basin at risk of not having enough water in storage for 
future droughts. The Department will continue to address low reservoir 
storage caused by drought in the Annual Operating Plan consultation 
process. In addition, see response to Comments No. 34 and 38.
    Comment No. 43--(Letter No. 20): The Operating Criteria of Glen 
Canyon Dam need to be revisited. When all needs are considered, it 
would be better to treat Lakes Mead and Powell more similarly, or 
better yet, to apply your normal system Operating Criteria to the 
operation of Glen Canyon Dam.
    Response: See response to Comments No. 34, 38, and 42.
    Comment No. 44--(Letter No. 21): The technical changes proposed in 
the current Operating Criteria review seem to make sense in order to 
keep the document current with regards to updated legislation and 
rules.
    Response: Comment noted.
    Comment No. 45--(Letter No. 21): With the current drought and the