Workshop on Regulatory Structure for New Plant Licensing, Part 1: Technology-Neutral Framework, 5228-5232 [05-1770]
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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 20 / Tuesday, February 1, 2005 / Notices
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parties to the proceeding, subject to any
limitations in the order granting leave to
intervene, and have the opportunity to
participate fully in the conduct of the
hearing.
If a hearing is requested, the
Commission will make a final
determination on the issue of no
significant hazards consideration. The
final determination will serve to decide
when the hearing is held. If the final
determination is that the amendment
request involves no significant hazards
consideration, the Commission may
issue the amendment and make it
immediately effective, notwithstanding
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held would take place after issuance of
the amendment. If the final
determination is that the amendment
request involves a significant hazards
consideration, any hearing held would
take place before the issuance of any
amendment.
Nontimely requests and/or petitions
and contentions will not be entertained
absent a determination by the
Commission or the presiding officer of
the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
that the petition, request and/or the
contentions should be granted based on
a balancing of the factors specified in 10
CFR 2.309(a)(1)(i)–(viii).
A request for a hearing or a petition
for leave to intervene must be filed by:
(1) First class mail addressed to the
Office of the Secretary of the
Commission, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Washington, DC 20555–
0001, Attention: Rulemaking and
Adjudications Staff; (2) courier, express
mail, and expedited delivery services:
Office of the Secretary, Sixteenth Floor,
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HEARINGDOCKET@NRC.GOV; or (4)
facsimile transmission addressed to the
Office of the Secretary, U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Washington,
DC, Attention: Rulemakings and
Adjudications Staff at (301) 415–1101,
verification number is (301) 415–1966.
A copy of the request for hearing and
petition for leave to intervene should
also be sent to the Office of the General
Counsel, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Washington, DC 20555–
0001, and it is requested that copies be
transmitted either by means of facsimile
transmission to (301) 415–3725 or by email to OGCMailCenter@nrc.gov. A copy
of the request for hearing and petition
for leave to intervene should also be
sent to the General Counsel, Tennessee
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Valley Authority, ET 11A, 400 West
Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN
37902, attorney for the licensee.
For further details with respect to this
action, see the application for
amendment dated September 15, 2004,
which is available for public inspection
at the Commission’s PDR, located at
One White Flint North, File Public Area
O1 F21, 11555 Rockville Pike (first
floor), Rockville, Maryland. Publicly
available records will be accessible from
the Agencywide Documents Access and
Management System’s (ADAMS) Public
Electronic Reading Room on the Internet
at the NRC Web site, https://
www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html.
Persons who do not have access to
ADAMS or who encounter problems in
accessing the documents located in
ADAMS, should contact the NRC PDR
Reference staff by telephone at 1–800–
397–4209, (301) 415–4737, or by e-mail
to pdr@nrc.gov.
Dated in Rockville, Maryland, this 25th
day of January 2005.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Douglas V. Pickett,
Senior Project Manager, Section II, Project
Directorate II, Division of Licensing Project
Management, Office of Nuclear Reactor
Regulation.
[FR Doc. 05–1771 Filed 1–31–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590–01–P
NUCLEAR REGULATORY
COMMISSION
Workshop on Regulatory Structure for
New Plant Licensing, Part 1:
Technology-Neutral Framework
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) has issued a working
draft of a NUREG report ‘‘Regulatory
Structure for New Plant Licensing, Part
1: Technology-Neutral Framework’’
(draft NUREG–3–2005) for public
review and comment. The purpose of
this working draft NUREG is to provide
an approach, scope, and acceptance
criteria that could be used by the NRC
staff to develop a technology-neutral set
of requirements for future plant
licensing. At the present time, the
material contained in the working draft
NUREG is preliminary and does not
represent a final staff position, but
rather is an interim product issued for
the purpose of engaging stakeholders
early in the development of the
document and to support a workshop to
be held in March 2005. As such, certain
sections of this document are
incomplete and are planned to be
completed following receipt of initial
stakeholder feedback. It is the staff’s
intent to complete this document in late
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2005 and issue it as a final draft for
stakeholder review and comment.
The work represented in this
document is, however, considered
sufficiently developed to illustrate one
possible way to establish a technologyneutral approach to future plant
licensing and to identify the key
technical and policy issues which must
be addressed; accordingly, it can serve
as a useful vehicle for engaging
stakeholders and facilitating discussion.
The NRC staff has issued a working
draft NUREG on ‘‘Regulatory Structure
for New Plant Licensing, Part 1:
Technology-Neutral Framework.’’ The
NRC staff requests comments within 90
days from the issuing date of this
Federal Register Notice. Comments may
be accompanied by relevant information
or supporting data. Please mention draft
NUREG–3–2005 in the subject line of
your comments. You may submit
comments by any one of the following
methods.
Mail comments to Rules and
Directives Branch, Office of
Administration, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Washington DC 20555–
0001.
E-mail comments to
NRCREP@nrc.gov. You may also submit
comments via the NRC’s rulemaking
Web site at https://ruleforum.llnl.gov.
Address questions about our rulemaking
Web site to Carol Gallagher (301) 415–
5905; e-mail CAG@nrc.gov.
Hand deliver comments to: Rules and
Directives Branch, Office of
Administration, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission at (301) 415–5144.
Requests for information about the
draft NUREG may be directed to Mr. A.
Singh at (301) 415–0250 or e-mail
AXS3@nrc.gov.
Comments will be most helpful if
received by April 22, 2005. Comments
received after this date will be
considered if it is practical to do so, but
the NRC is able to ensure consideration
only for comments received on or before
this date.
The NRC intends to conduct a
workshop on March 14–16, 2005, to
help facilitate the review and comment
process. This workshop will be held in
the auditorium at NRC headquarters,
11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville,
Maryland.
Please notify Mr. A. Singh at (301)
415–0250 or e-mail AXS3@nrc.gov, if
you plan to attend the workshop so that
you can be pre-registered. Preregistration will help facilitate your
entry into the NRC facility for the
workshop. In addition, please arrive at
NRC headquarters 45 minutes prior to
the start of the workshop so that you
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have adequate time to be processed
through security.
Please notify Mr. A. Singh at (301)
415–0250 or e-mail AXS3@nrc.gov if
you would like to make a formal
presentation at the workshop. Once all
the presenters have been identified, you
will be notified with the time allocated
for your presentation.
Background
The Commission, in its Policy
Statement on Regulation of Advanced
Nuclear Power Plants, stated its
intention to ‘‘improve the licensing
environments for advanced nuclear
power reactors to minimize complexity
and uncertainty in the regulatory
process.’’ The staff noted in its
Advanced Reactor Research Plan to the
Commission, (SECY–03–0059,
ML023310534) that a risk-informed
regulatory structure applied to license
and regulate new reactors, regardless of
their technology, could enhance
consistency and efficiency of NRC’s
regulatory process across reactors with
radically different concepts. As such,
this new process, if implemented, could
be available for use later in the decade.
The NRC’s past light-water reactor
(LWR) experience, especially the recent
efforts to risk-inform the regulations,
has provided insight into the potential
value of following a top-down approach
for the development of a regulatory
structure for a new generation of
reactors. Such an approach could also
facilitate the implementation of
performance-based regulation and make
the regulations for new reactors more
coherent.
The development of a technologyneutral regulatory structure will help
ensure that a systematic approach is
used to develop the regulations that will
govern the design, construction, and
operation of new reactors. This structure
will ensure uniformity, consistency, and
defensibility in the development of the
regulations, particularly when
addressing the unique design and
operational aspects of new reactors.
Discussion
A working draft of NUREG–3–2005,
‘‘Regulatory Structure for New Plant
Licensing, Part 1: Technology-Neutral
Framework,’’ has been issued for
stakeholder review and comment. The
objective of the regulatory structure for
new plant licensing is to provide a
technology-neutral approach to
enhancing the effectiveness and
efficiency of new plant licensing in the
longer term (beyond the advanced
designs currently in the pre-application
stage). This regulatory structure has four
major parts:
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(1) A technology-neutral framework.
(2) A set of technology-neutral
requirements.
(3) A technology-specific framework.
(4) Technology-specific regulatory
guides.
Currently, only work related to Part 1
of the regulatory structure for new plant
licensing, the technology-neutral
framework, has proceeded. Work has
not been initiated on the other three
parts. The staff has done enough work
to demonstrate the feasibility of
developing a technology-neutral
framework. The framework is a
hierarchal structure that combines
deterministic and probabilistic criteria
for developing technology-neutral
requirements to ensure the protection of
the public health and safety. The
framework contains criteria for
developing—
• A safety philosophy.
• Protective strategies.
• Risk, design, construction, and
operational objectives.
• Treatment of uncertainties.
• A process for defining the scope of
requirements.
• Performance-based concepts.
For each of these items, the staff has
developed preliminary ‘‘working’’
criteria that demonstrate the feasibility
of a technology-neutral framework in
sufficient detail to start soliciting
stakeholder input. However, difficult
technical and policy issues associated
with these items are being addressed by
the staff that must be resolved before the
framework can be completed and
implemented. These issues will be
discussed in detail at the workshop (see
below).
Workshop Agenda
A final agenda will be provided at the
workshop. The preliminary agenda is as
follows:
Monday, March 14, 2005
• 8:30 a.m. to 10 a.m.—Introduction
and NRC presentation (Overview of
Regulatory Structure for New Plant
Licensing, and Policy and Technical
Issues)
• 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.—Open
discussion with stakeholders on
policy and technical issues (Safety
Philosophy, Protective Strategies, Risk
Objectives, Design, Construction,
Operational Objectives, Treatment of
Uncertainties and Defense-in-Depth,
Performance-Based Concepts)
Tuesday, March 15, 2005
• 8:30 a.m. to 11 a.m.—Open discussion
with stakeholders on implementation
and other issues (includes example of
applying the framework)
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• 12:15 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.—Breakout
Sessions (Small, parallel group
discussions on various policy and
technical issues, to be identified)
Wednesday, March 16, 2005*
• 8:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.—Specific
comments on the working draft
NUREG and formal stakeholder
presentations
*The workshop may be extended into
the afternoon if additional time is
needed to accommodate stakeholder
presentations.
Policy and Technical Issues
The staff is soliciting comments on
the issues associated with development
and implementation of the framework
document. These issues include, but are
not limited to, the following topics:
1. Safety Philosophy (Level of Safety)
An issue for Commission
consideration with respect to
developing a new regulatory structure is
defining the goal in the technologyneutral requirements for achieving
enhanced safety. The Advanced Reactor
Policy states that the Commission
‘‘expects that advanced reactor designs
will comply with the Commission’s
Safety Goal Policy’’ and that ‘‘advanced
reactors will provide enhanced margins
of safety.’’ The framework proposes a
safety philosophy that will define a
level of safety that will meet the
expectation of enhanced safety. In the
framework, the staff proposes a safety
philosophy directly tied to the
Commission’s 1986 Safety Goal Policy
(51 FR 28044); that is, the staff proposes
that the technology-neutral
requirements be written to achieve the
level of safety defined by the Safety
Goal Policy Quantitative Health
Objectives.
• Is it appropriate to use the
Commission’s Safety Goal Policy
Quantitative Health Objectives (QHO )
as the level of safety the technologyneutral regulations should be written to
achieve? If not, what should be used?
2. Protective Strategies
Protective strategies are identified that
define the safety fundamentals for safe
nuclear power plant design,
construction, and operation. They are
the fundamental building blocks for
developing technology-neutral
requirements and regulations.
Acceptable performance in these
protective strategies provides reasonable
assurance that the overall mission of
adequate protection of public health and
safety is met. Moreover, the protective
strategies implicitly require a defensein-depth approach that will ensure
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uncertainties in performance do not
compromise achieving overall plant
safety objectives.
• Is the process described for the
development of a technology-neutral
regulatory structure reasonable? Is it
complete? Is the relationship between
the different pieces of the framework
understandable? If not, where is it not
understandable?
• What is meant by each protective
strategy? For example, for Barrier
Integrity protective strategy, what
constitutes or defines a barrier?
• Is the use of protective strategies a
reasonable approach for defining highlevel safety functions? If not, what other
approach(es) should be considered?
• Is the use of a deductive analysis of
each protective strategy, to identify
technology-neutral requirements and
performance-based measures, a
reasonable approach?
• Are the protective strategies
described in Chapter 3, ‘‘Safety
Fundamentals: Protective Strategies’’
reasonable? Are they complete? If not,
what strategies are missing or not
reasonable?
• Are the basic principles of a
performance-based approach presented
in Chapter 3 sufficiently clear and
reasonable? If not, where are they not
clear or not reasonable?
3. Quantitative Risk Objectives and
Criteria, Design, Construction, and
Operational Objectives and Criteria
The risk objectives and the design,
construction, and operational objectives
complement the protective strategies.
The risk and design objectives provide
a safety approach for meeting safety and
risk goals for all facilities, that is
parallel to protective strategies. This
approach ensure that worker risk and
environment is maintained within
acceptable levels, and sets specific
design expectations that provide
defense-in-depth requirements at the
design level.
• Is meeting a frequency consequence
(F–C) curve an appropriate way to
achieve enhanced safety for new
reactors? If so, how should the F–C
curve be interpreted? How could this
interpretation be done on a practical
basis? Should another approach be
used? If so, what should it be?
• The Top Level Regulatory Criteria
(TLRC) is another curve, which
represents exposure at the site boundary
under various conditions. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of these
two curves?
• With respect to implementing the
F–C curve, where and how should the
consequences be evaluated? (For
example: evaluated at a particular site
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and its boundary? Averaged over all
weather or for a conservatively defined
weather?)
• Should the F–C curve shown in
Figure 4–1 be expressed in terms of dose
or curies released?
• Should the F–C curve be used as
the acceptance criteria for all event
sequences analyzed? If so, how should
the cumulative effects of all event
sequences be considered? Or, should the
F–C curve frequency represent a
cumulative frequency of all event
sequences leading to a defined
consequence?
• Can specific regions under the F–C
curve be related to safety margins so as
to facilitate implementation of safety
decision-making?
• Are the International Commission
on Radiation Protection (ICRP)
guidelines the appropriate criteria to use
for specifying radiological limits for
new reactors? Should other guidelines
be used? If so, what are they?
• Are the proposed technologyneutral risk guidelines appropriate? If
not, what should be used?
• Is the proposed use of 10 CFR part
20 and GDC 19 of appendix A to 10 CFR
part 50 appendix A appropriate for
worker protection? If not, what is
appropriate?
• Is the proposed approach for
protection of the environment
appropriate and adequate? If not, what
is appropriate?
• Are the objectives and issues
identified in the discussion of
construction objectives appropriate? Are
they sufficiently complete? What
additional considerations will be
important for new reactor designs?
• Are the operational objectives
appropriate? What issues are not
discussed that likely to be important for
new reactors? Are any of the identified
issues unnecessary for new reactors?
Commission approved the use of
probabilistic criteria for identifying
events that must be considered for the
design, in the safety classification of
Structures, Systems and Components
(SSCs) and to replace the single failure
criterion. The approach proposed in the
framework involves identifying event
sequence categories by frequency to
define abnormal operational
occurrences (AOOs), design basis
accidents (DBAs), and beyond-designbasis events, classifying SSCs as either
risk-significant or non-risk-significant
based on the SSCs’ quantified risk
importance and criteria consistent with
the work done in support of the 10 CFR
50.69 rulemaking; and replace the
single-failure criterion with event
sequences from the design-specific
probabilistic risk assessment (PRA).
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• Is the proposed approach for the
selection of AOOs and DBAs
reasonable? Should another approach be
used? If so, what should it be? Are the
acceptance criteria reasonable?
• Can a technology-neutral definition
of accident prevention be developed? If
so, what should it be? If not, what
technology-specific definitions should
be used?
• Should a risk-informed safety
classification process build upon the
risk criteria and process contained in 10
CFR 50.69? If not, what risk criteria and
process should be used?
• What risk criteria and process are
appropriate for non-LWR concepts (e.g.,
high temperature gas reactors) to
address accident prevention and safety
classification?
• What acceptance criteria should be
used to reflect uncertainties? Should
they be set at a defined level of
confidence; or should evaluation of
uncertainty in both the challenge and
the capability be required?
The Commission approved the use of
scenario-specific source terms, provided
that the staff understands the fission
product behavior, and plant conditions
and performance. In the framework, the
staff used a flexible, performance-based
approach to establish scenario-specific
licensing source terms. The key features
of this approach are: (1) Scenarios are to
be selected from a design-specific PRA;
(2) source term calculations are based
on verified analytical tools; (3) source
terms for compliance should be 95%
confidence level values, based on bestestimate calculations; and (4) source
terms for licensing decisions should
reflect scenario-specific timing, form,
and magnitude of the release.
The approach used for selecting DBAs
may result in smaller source terms than
used for LWR safety analyses. Is this
approach reasonable for siting? Or
should siting be based on a large source
term?
The Commission asked the staff to
provide further details on the options
for, and associated impacts of, requiring
that modular reactor designs account for
the integrated risk posed by multiple
reactors.
• Should the consideration of
integrated risk be applied to all reactors
on a site, not just modular reactors?
• If integrated risk is to be considered
on a per site basis, how should it be
accounted for?
—limit the number of reactors on a site?
—site specific criteria?
—nationwide criteria?
—other criteria?
Note: See ACRS letter of April 22, 2004 for
additional considerations.
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The Commission approved the staff
proposal that no change to emergency
preparedness requirements is needed in
the near term. The Commission also
approved, for the longer term, the staff
developing guidelines for assessing
possible modifications to emergency
preparedness requirements as part of the
work to develop a description of
defense-in-depth.
What should the role of emergency
preparedness in defense-in-depth be, as
it relates to possible simplification of
the emergency planning requirements;
e.g., reduction in the size of the
emergency planning zones (EPZs) for
reactors that are designed with greater
safety margins than the current light
water reactors?
In considering possible changes to the
existing emergency preparedness
regulations or guidance, should factors
other than reactor size and location,
level of safety (i.e., likelihood of
release), magnitude and chemical form
of release, and timing of release be
addressed? Is consideration of these
factors adequate and reasonable? If not,
why? In addition, should the changes
address considerations beyond the
following; and if so, what are they?
1. Consideration of the full range of
accidents.
2. Use of the defense-in-depth
philosophy.
3. Prototype operating experience.
4. Acceptance by Federal, State, and
local agencies.
5. Acceptance by the public.
4. Treatment of Uncertainties and
Defense-in-Depth
The Commission approved the staff
recommendation for developing a
definition of defense-in-depth that
would be incorporated into a policy
statement. In licensing future reactors,
the treatment of uncertainties will play
a key role in ensuring safety limits are
met and the design is robust with
respect to unanticipated factors. In
general, uncertainties associated with
new plants will tend to be larger than
uncertainties associated with existing
plants due to new technologies being
used, the lack of operating experience
or, in the case of some proposed LWRs,
new design features (e.g., increased use
of passive systems). Any licensing
approach for new plants must account
for the treatment of these uncertainties.
The aim is to develop an approach for
future reactors which can be reconciled
with past practices used for operating
reactors, but which improves on past
practices by being more consistent and
by making use of quantitative
information where possible. The
approach recommended for dealing
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with uncertainties when ensuring the
safety of new plants is the concept of
multiple successive layers of barriers
and lines of defense against undesirable
consequences. This approach is usually
referred to as defense-in-depth. The
concept of defense-in-depth is
fundamental to the treatment of
uncertainties.
• Are the types of uncertainty
adequately described? If not, what
should be changed or added?
• A major reason for including a
deterministic (structuralist) component
in the defense-in-depth model (i.e., the
protective strategies) is to address the
unknown contributors (initiating events,
failure mechanisms, physical
performance, etc.) to accidents. The
deterministic component of the model
requires that each protective strategy is
implemented, however, the extent or
degree to which each strategy is
implemented is tempered by the
associated risk (which is the
probabilistic or rationalist component of
the model).
—What approaches to determining
the degree of defense-in-depth provided
by each protective strategy would be
appropriate?
—How relevant is the rationalist
approach, given the uncertainty
associated with the unknown
contributors?
—Are expert judgment approaches
appropriate? What caveats and controls
would be needed?
—Are there ways to structure the
uncertainty associated with ‘‘unknown’’
aspects of the risk that can be helpful?
Could these be used to provide a
qualitative description of the
uncertainty that would provide a basis
for assessment?
—What other possibilities are there?
• Are there additional defense-indepth principles that should be adhered
to? If so, what are they?
• Is the proposed defense-in-depth
criteria for containment appropriate? If
not, what should be used?
• Is the defense-in-depth model
advocated in the report appropriate?
Does it achieve the proper balance
between structuralist and rationalist
aspects? If not, how should it be
changed?
• Is the implementation of the
defense-in-depth model described in the
report appropriate? If not, how it should
be changed?
• Are incompleteness uncertainties
reasonably accounted for? If not, how
should they be dealt with?
• Are the proposed factors for
considering changes to existing
emergency preparedness regulations or
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guidance appropriate? If not, what
should be used?
The Commission asked the staff to
develop containment functional
performance requirements and criteria,
working closely with industry experts
(e.g., designers, Electric Power Research
Institute, etc.) and other stakeholders
regarding options in this area, and to
take into account such features as core,
fuel, and cooling systems design. The
Commission also stated that the staff
should pursue the development of
functional performance standards, and
then submit options and
recommendations to the Commission on
this important policy decision.
• Does the proposed functional
performance requirement and criterion
for containment take into account such
features as the fuel, core, and cooling
system design?
• Are the proposed performance
requirement and criterion performancebased?
• Are the proposed performance
requirement and criterion riskinformed?
• Does the proposed performance
requirement and criterion adequately
account for uncertainties, including
completeness uncertainties?
• Would the proposed performance
requirement and criterion result in
excessive regulatory burden, including
containment design, construction and
operating costs?
• Does the proposed performance
requirement and criterion provide for
public confidence?
• How should the options, including
the proposed option, be revised in
consideration of the above questions?
5. Process for Defining Scope of
Requirements (and General
Implementation Issues)
A deductive process will be
developed to identify and define the
scope and content of detailed technical
and administrative requirements that
are necessary to ensure the safety
objectives and criteria are met.
• Should the technology-neutral
requirements be developed as an
independent alternative to licensing
under 10 CFR part 50?
• Is there a near-term (i.e., 3–5 years)
need for the framework?
• The derivation of detailed technical
requirements is being developed. Is the
process described (and illustrated with
the barrier integrity example) for the
identification of the scope and content
of the detailed technical requirements
from the protective strategies
reasonable? How could it be improved?
• The approach for obtaining the
needed administrative requirements is
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being developed. Is the process
described so far reasonable? Are the
discussions on analysis methods and
qualification, and on research and
development appropriate?
• Should the technology-neutral
requirements build upon and utilize 10
CFR part 50 requirements as much as
possible (i.e., whenever 10 CFR 50
requirements are technology neutral
they should be incorporated)?
• Are the desired characteristics of a
technology-neutral regulatory structure
listed in Sections 1.4 and 6.3 of the
framework reasonable? Is the list
complete? If not, what characteristic(s)
is missing?
• Are the described checks for
completeness of the framework
adequate? What other checks could be
performed?
• Is it reasonable and practical to
maintain a living PRA, which would be
used to periodically reclassify reactor
accidents as operating experience
accrues?
• From a regulatory perspective, in
terms of enforceability, is it practical to
include the technology-specific details
in a regulatory guide, although included
as part of the license, or directly in a
regulation?
• Would performance-based
requirements developed according to
appendix A to CFR 10 part 50,
sufficiently address enforceability, given
that prescriptive requirements are easier
to enforce?
• At what stage should the
technology-specific regulatory guides be
developed and to what level of detail?
Currently, it is envisioned, prior to preapplication or pre-certification, to
develop the technology-specific
regulatory guides for each technology
type, not for each applicant. The
technology-specific regulatory guide
would specify how to interpret such
statements in the technology-neutral
regulation as fuel damage, accident
prevention.
• It is envisioned that these new
technology-neutral regulations would be
a voluntary alternative to 10 CFR part
50. Should these regulations be
voluntary or mandatory? What would be
the motivation for an applicant to use
this alternative? Should a licensee be
allowed to seek an exemption to 10 CFR
part 50 to propose an alternative
approach based on the technologyneutral regulations?
• Is a technology-neutral framework
desirable for licensing future reactors?
What are the advantages of using a
technology-neutral framework? What
are the difficulties of using such a
framework?
VerDate jul<14>2003
15:06 Jan 31, 2005
Jkt 205001
6. Appendices
The following appendices have been
identified to provide further detailed
information in understanding the
criteria and guidelines in the framework
document.
• Will the identified set of
appendices be helpful? Should any be
dropped or redirected?
• Would additional appendices be
helpful? If yes, what should be the topic
and to what level should it be written?
A. Guidance for the Formulation of
Performance-Based Requirements:
Provides an explanation of how the
topics that must be addressed to provide
defense-in-depth protection via the
protective strategies can be
implemented through performancebased requirements. Identifies the steps
in this process including the need for
safety margin.
—Are there additional performancebased considerations that should be
included in appendix A?
B. Current Quantitative Guidelines for
LWRs: The Framework discusses the
possibility of using surrogates to
demonstrate that the risk objectives of
the frequency-consequence curve have
been met. Appendix B illustrates how
core damage frequency and large early
release frequency are used for current
LWRs as surrogates for the risk
objectives expressed by the latent cancer
QHO and early fatality QHO,
respectively.
—Are there additional examples of the
use of surrogates to achieve higher
level risk objectives that would be
useful here?
C. Safety Characteristics of New
Reactors: Brief summary descriptions of
a number of possible new reactor
concepts. Includes a discussion of safety
features (and vulnerabilities, if
identified) structured to make clear the
linkage to the Framework.
—Are there additional characteristics/
features/attributes of the various
innovative designs that should receive
special attention in appendix C?
D. Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Quality Needs for New Reactors: There
are now standards for PRA of LWRs.
This appendix will define PRA in a
technology-neutral manner (e.g., core
damage frequency as a definition for
Level 1 is technology-specific), identify
extensions and changes that may be
needed for some new reactors, and will
describe how PRA is related to the
development of regulatory requirements
for new reactors (e.g., development of a
living PRA and what a living PRA
entails).
PO 00000
Frm 00104
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
—What should be the scope and depth
of this appendix? At a higher level
and look to professional organization
to develop standard?
E. Assessment of 10 CFR Part 50 for
New Reactors: A review of 10 CFR Part
50 requirements against a specific new
reactor design. Identifies where current
requirements are directly applicable,
which requirements are not applicable,
which requirements need to be adapted
to the new design concept, and what
design features and uncertainties call for
new requirements.
F. Completeness Check: A review of
other work being performed in this area
to identify any significant holes. Review
and compare against the NEI–02–02
framework and the technical document
being prepared by IAEA relating to
technology-neutral regulations.
—Are there other sources that should be
reviewed?
7. Glossary
A glossary is being developed with a
standard set of definitions of terms, in
order to provide a common
understanding, and to help facilitate
discussions and communication
regarding the regulatory structure for
new plant licensing.
• Have the appropriate terms been
identified? If not, what terms should be
deleted or added?
• Are the definitions reasonable? If
not, why?
• Should the definitions be
standardized? Can the definitions be
used elsewhere? If not, which
definitions can not be standardized, and
why?
Information about the working draft
NUREG and the workshop may be
directed to Mr. A. Singh at (301) 415–
0250 or e-mail axs3@NRC.GOV.
Although a time limit is given for
comments on this draft document,
comments and suggestions in
connection with items for inclusion in
guides currently being developed, or
improvements in all published guides,
are encouraged at any time.
(5 U.S.C. 552(a))
Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 25th day
of January 2005.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Charles E. Ader,
Director, Division of Risk Analysis and
Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory
Research.
[FR Doc. 05–1770 Filed 1–31–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590–01–P
E:\FR\FM\01FEN1.SGM
01FEN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 20 (Tuesday, February 1, 2005)]
[Notices]
[Pages 5228-5232]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-1770]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Workshop on Regulatory Structure for New Plant Licensing, Part 1:
Technology-Neutral Framework
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has issued a working
draft of a NUREG report ``Regulatory Structure for New Plant Licensing,
Part 1: Technology-Neutral Framework'' (draft NUREG-3-2005) for public
review and comment. The purpose of this working draft NUREG is to
provide an approach, scope, and acceptance criteria that could be used
by the NRC staff to develop a technology-neutral set of requirements
for future plant licensing. At the present time, the material contained
in the working draft NUREG is preliminary and does not represent a
final staff position, but rather is an interim product issued for the
purpose of engaging stakeholders early in the development of the
document and to support a workshop to be held in March 2005. As such,
certain sections of this document are incomplete and are planned to be
completed following receipt of initial stakeholder feedback. It is the
staff's intent to complete this document in late 2005 and issue it as a
final draft for stakeholder review and comment.
The work represented in this document is, however, considered
sufficiently developed to illustrate one possible way to establish a
technology-neutral approach to future plant licensing and to identify
the key technical and policy issues which must be addressed;
accordingly, it can serve as a useful vehicle for engaging stakeholders
and facilitating discussion.
The NRC staff has issued a working draft NUREG on ``Regulatory
Structure for New Plant Licensing, Part 1: Technology-Neutral
Framework.'' The NRC staff requests comments within 90 days from the
issuing date of this Federal Register Notice. Comments may be
accompanied by relevant information or supporting data. Please mention
draft NUREG-3-2005 in the subject line of your comments. You may submit
comments by any one of the following methods.
Mail comments to Rules and Directives Branch, Office of
Administration, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC
20555-0001.
E-mail comments to NRCREP@nrc.gov. You may also submit comments via
the NRC's rulemaking Web site at https://ruleforum.llnl.gov. Address
questions about our rulemaking Web site to Carol Gallagher (301) 415-
5905; e-mail CAG@nrc.gov.
Hand deliver comments to: Rules and Directives Branch, Office of
Administration, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission at (301) 415-5144.
Requests for information about the draft NUREG may be directed to
Mr. A. Singh at (301) 415-0250 or e-mail AXS3@nrc.gov.
Comments will be most helpful if received by April 22, 2005.
Comments received after this date will be considered if it is practical
to do so, but the NRC is able to ensure consideration only for comments
received on or before this date.
The NRC intends to conduct a workshop on March 14-16, 2005, to help
facilitate the review and comment process. This workshop will be held
in the auditorium at NRC headquarters, 11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville,
Maryland.
Please notify Mr. A. Singh at (301) 415-0250 or e-mail
AXS3@nrc.gov, if you plan to attend the workshop so that you can be
pre-registered. Pre-registration will help facilitate your entry into
the NRC facility for the workshop. In addition, please arrive at NRC
headquarters 45 minutes prior to the start of the workshop so that you
[[Page 5229]]
have adequate time to be processed through security.
Please notify Mr. A. Singh at (301) 415-0250 or e-mail AXS3@nrc.gov
if you would like to make a formal presentation at the workshop. Once
all the presenters have been identified, you will be notified with the
time allocated for your presentation.
Background
The Commission, in its Policy Statement on Regulation of Advanced
Nuclear Power Plants, stated its intention to ``improve the licensing
environments for advanced nuclear power reactors to minimize complexity
and uncertainty in the regulatory process.'' The staff noted in its
Advanced Reactor Research Plan to the Commission, (SECY-03-0059,
ML023310534) that a risk-informed regulatory structure applied to
license and regulate new reactors, regardless of their technology,
could enhance consistency and efficiency of NRC's regulatory process
across reactors with radically different concepts. As such, this new
process, if implemented, could be available for use later in the
decade.
The NRC's past light-water reactor (LWR) experience, especially the
recent efforts to risk-inform the regulations, has provided insight
into the potential value of following a top-down approach for the
development of a regulatory structure for a new generation of reactors.
Such an approach could also facilitate the implementation of
performance-based regulation and make the regulations for new reactors
more coherent.
The development of a technology-neutral regulatory structure will
help ensure that a systematic approach is used to develop the
regulations that will govern the design, construction, and operation of
new reactors. This structure will ensure uniformity, consistency, and
defensibility in the development of the regulations, particularly when
addressing the unique design and operational aspects of new reactors.
Discussion
A working draft of NUREG-3-2005, ``Regulatory Structure for New
Plant Licensing, Part 1: Technology-Neutral Framework,'' has been
issued for stakeholder review and comment. The objective of the
regulatory structure for new plant licensing is to provide a
technology-neutral approach to enhancing the effectiveness and
efficiency of new plant licensing in the longer term (beyond the
advanced designs currently in the pre-application stage). This
regulatory structure has four major parts:
(1) A technology-neutral framework.
(2) A set of technology-neutral requirements.
(3) A technology-specific framework.
(4) Technology-specific regulatory guides.
Currently, only work related to Part 1 of the regulatory structure
for new plant licensing, the technology-neutral framework, has
proceeded. Work has not been initiated on the other three parts. The
staff has done enough work to demonstrate the feasibility of developing
a technology-neutral framework. The framework is a hierarchal structure
that combines deterministic and probabilistic criteria for developing
technology-neutral requirements to ensure the protection of the public
health and safety. The framework contains criteria for developing--
A safety philosophy.
Protective strategies.
Risk, design, construction, and operational objectives.
Treatment of uncertainties.
A process for defining the scope of requirements.
Performance-based concepts.
For each of these items, the staff has developed preliminary
``working'' criteria that demonstrate the feasibility of a technology-
neutral framework in sufficient detail to start soliciting stakeholder
input. However, difficult technical and policy issues associated with
these items are being addressed by the staff that must be resolved
before the framework can be completed and implemented. These issues
will be discussed in detail at the workshop (see below).
Workshop Agenda
A final agenda will be provided at the workshop. The preliminary
agenda is as follows:
Monday, March 14, 2005
8:30 a.m. to 10 a.m.--Introduction and NRC presentation
(Overview of Regulatory Structure for New Plant Licensing, and Policy
and Technical Issues)
10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.--Open discussion with stakeholders on
policy and technical issues (Safety Philosophy, Protective Strategies,
Risk Objectives, Design, Construction, Operational Objectives,
Treatment of Uncertainties and Defense-in-Depth, Performance-Based
Concepts)
Tuesday, March 15, 2005
8:30 a.m. to 11 a.m.--Open discussion with stakeholders on
implementation and other issues (includes example of applying the
framework)
12:15 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.--Breakout Sessions (Small, parallel
group discussions on various policy and technical issues, to be
identified)
Wednesday, March 16, 2005*
8:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.--Specific comments on the working
draft NUREG and formal stakeholder presentations
*The workshop may be extended into the afternoon if additional time
is needed to accommodate stakeholder presentations.
Policy and Technical Issues
The staff is soliciting comments on the issues associated with
development and implementation of the framework document. These issues
include, but are not limited to, the following topics:
1. Safety Philosophy (Level of Safety)
An issue for Commission consideration with respect to developing a
new regulatory structure is defining the goal in the technology-neutral
requirements for achieving enhanced safety. The Advanced Reactor Policy
states that the Commission ``expects that advanced reactor designs will
comply with the Commission's Safety Goal Policy'' and that ``advanced
reactors will provide enhanced margins of safety.'' The framework
proposes a safety philosophy that will define a level of safety that
will meet the expectation of enhanced safety. In the framework, the
staff proposes a safety philosophy directly tied to the Commission's
1986 Safety Goal Policy (51 FR 28044); that is, the staff proposes that
the technology-neutral requirements be written to achieve the level of
safety defined by the Safety Goal Policy Quantitative Health
Objectives.
Is it appropriate to use the Commission's Safety Goal
Policy Quantitative Health Objectives (QHO ) as the level of safety the
technology-neutral regulations should be written to achieve? If not,
what should be used?
2. Protective Strategies
Protective strategies are identified that define the safety
fundamentals for safe nuclear power plant design, construction, and
operation. They are the fundamental building blocks for developing
technology-neutral requirements and regulations. Acceptable performance
in these protective strategies provides reasonable assurance that the
overall mission of adequate protection of public health and safety is
met. Moreover, the protective strategies implicitly require a defense-
in-depth approach that will ensure
[[Page 5230]]
uncertainties in performance do not compromise achieving overall plant
safety objectives.
Is the process described for the development of a
technology-neutral regulatory structure reasonable? Is it complete? Is
the relationship between the different pieces of the framework
understandable? If not, where is it not understandable?
What is meant by each protective strategy? For example,
for Barrier Integrity protective strategy, what constitutes or defines
a barrier?
Is the use of protective strategies a reasonable approach
for defining high-level safety functions? If not, what other
approach(es) should be considered?
Is the use of a deductive analysis of each protective
strategy, to identify technology-neutral requirements and performance-
based measures, a reasonable approach?
Are the protective strategies described in Chapter 3,
``Safety Fundamentals: Protective Strategies'' reasonable? Are they
complete? If not, what strategies are missing or not reasonable?
Are the basic principles of a performance-based approach
presented in Chapter 3 sufficiently clear and reasonable? If not, where
are they not clear or not reasonable?
3. Quantitative Risk Objectives and Criteria, Design, Construction, and
Operational Objectives and Criteria
The risk objectives and the design, construction, and operational
objectives complement the protective strategies. The risk and design
objectives provide a safety approach for meeting safety and risk goals
for all facilities, that is parallel to protective strategies. This
approach ensure that worker risk and environment is maintained within
acceptable levels, and sets specific design expectations that provide
defense-in-depth requirements at the design level.
Is meeting a frequency consequence (F-C) curve an
appropriate way to achieve enhanced safety for new reactors? If so, how
should the F-C curve be interpreted? How could this interpretation be
done on a practical basis? Should another approach be used? If so, what
should it be?
The Top Level Regulatory Criteria (TLRC) is another curve,
which represents exposure at the site boundary under various
conditions. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these two
curves?
With respect to implementing the F-C curve, where and how
should the consequences be evaluated? (For example: evaluated at a
particular site and its boundary? Averaged over all weather or for a
conservatively defined weather?)
Should the F-C curve shown in Figure 4-1 be expressed in
terms of dose or curies released?
Should the F-C curve be used as the acceptance criteria
for all event sequences analyzed? If so, how should the cumulative
effects of all event sequences be considered? Or, should the F-C curve
frequency represent a cumulative frequency of all event sequences
leading to a defined consequence?
Can specific regions under the F-C curve be related to
safety margins so as to facilitate implementation of safety decision-
making?
Are the International Commission on Radiation Protection
(ICRP) guidelines the appropriate criteria to use for specifying
radiological limits for new reactors? Should other guidelines be used?
If so, what are they?
Are the proposed technology-neutral risk guidelines
appropriate? If not, what should be used?
Is the proposed use of 10 CFR part 20 and GDC 19 of
appendix A to 10 CFR part 50 appendix A appropriate for worker
protection? If not, what is appropriate?
Is the proposed approach for protection of the environment
appropriate and adequate? If not, what is appropriate?
Are the objectives and issues identified in the discussion
of construction objectives appropriate? Are they sufficiently complete?
What additional considerations will be important for new reactor
designs?
Are the operational objectives appropriate? What issues
are not discussed that likely to be important for new reactors? Are any
of the identified issues unnecessary for new reactors?
Commission approved the use of probabilistic criteria for
identifying events that must be considered for the design, in the
safety classification of Structures, Systems and Components (SSCs) and
to replace the single failure criterion. The approach proposed in the
framework involves identifying event sequence categories by frequency
to define abnormal operational occurrences (AOOs), design basis
accidents (DBAs), and beyond-design-basis events, classifying SSCs as
either risk-significant or non-risk-significant based on the SSCs'
quantified risk importance and criteria consistent with the work done
in support of the 10 CFR 50.69 rulemaking; and replace the single-
failure criterion with event sequences from the design-specific
probabilistic risk assessment (PRA).
Is the proposed approach for the selection of AOOs and
DBAs reasonable? Should another approach be used? If so, what should it
be? Are the acceptance criteria reasonable?
Can a technology-neutral definition of accident prevention
be developed? If so, what should it be? If not, what technology-
specific definitions should be used?
Should a risk-informed safety classification process build
upon the risk criteria and process contained in 10 CFR 50.69? If not,
what risk criteria and process should be used?
What risk criteria and process are appropriate for non-LWR
concepts (e.g., high temperature gas reactors) to address accident
prevention and safety classification?
What acceptance criteria should be used to reflect
uncertainties? Should they be set at a defined level of confidence; or
should evaluation of uncertainty in both the challenge and the
capability be required?
The Commission approved the use of scenario-specific source terms,
provided that the staff understands the fission product behavior, and
plant conditions and performance. In the framework, the staff used a
flexible, performance-based approach to establish scenario-specific
licensing source terms. The key features of this approach are: (1)
Scenarios are to be selected from a design-specific PRA; (2) source
term calculations are based on verified analytical tools; (3) source
terms for compliance should be 95% confidence level values, based on
best-estimate calculations; and (4) source terms for licensing
decisions should reflect scenario-specific timing, form, and magnitude
of the release.
The approach used for selecting DBAs may result in smaller source
terms than used for LWR safety analyses. Is this approach reasonable
for siting? Or should siting be based on a large source term?
The Commission asked the staff to provide further details on the
options for, and associated impacts of, requiring that modular reactor
designs account for the integrated risk posed by multiple reactors.
Should the consideration of integrated risk be applied to
all reactors on a site, not just modular reactors?
If integrated risk is to be considered on a per site
basis, how should it be accounted for?
--limit the number of reactors on a site?
--site specific criteria?
--nationwide criteria?
--other criteria?
Note: See ACRS letter of April 22, 2004 for additional
considerations.
[[Page 5231]]
The Commission approved the staff proposal that no change to
emergency preparedness requirements is needed in the near term. The
Commission also approved, for the longer term, the staff developing
guidelines for assessing possible modifications to emergency
preparedness requirements as part of the work to develop a description
of defense-in-depth.
What should the role of emergency preparedness in defense-in-depth
be, as it relates to possible simplification of the emergency planning
requirements; e.g., reduction in the size of the emergency planning
zones (EPZs) for reactors that are designed with greater safety margins
than the current light water reactors?
In considering possible changes to the existing emergency
preparedness regulations or guidance, should factors other than reactor
size and location, level of safety (i.e., likelihood of release),
magnitude and chemical form of release, and timing of release be
addressed? Is consideration of these factors adequate and reasonable?
If not, why? In addition, should the changes address considerations
beyond the following; and if so, what are they?
1. Consideration of the full range of accidents.
2. Use of the defense-in-depth philosophy.
3. Prototype operating experience.
4. Acceptance by Federal, State, and local agencies.
5. Acceptance by the public.
4. Treatment of Uncertainties and Defense-in-Depth
The Commission approved the staff recommendation for developing a
definition of defense-in-depth that would be incorporated into a policy
statement. In licensing future reactors, the treatment of uncertainties
will play a key role in ensuring safety limits are met and the design
is robust with respect to unanticipated factors. In general,
uncertainties associated with new plants will tend to be larger than
uncertainties associated with existing plants due to new technologies
being used, the lack of operating experience or, in the case of some
proposed LWRs, new design features (e.g., increased use of passive
systems). Any licensing approach for new plants must account for the
treatment of these uncertainties. The aim is to develop an approach for
future reactors which can be reconciled with past practices used for
operating reactors, but which improves on past practices by being more
consistent and by making use of quantitative information where
possible. The approach recommended for dealing with uncertainties when
ensuring the safety of new plants is the concept of multiple successive
layers of barriers and lines of defense against undesirable
consequences. This approach is usually referred to as defense-in-depth.
The concept of defense-in-depth is fundamental to the treatment of
uncertainties.
Are the types of uncertainty adequately described? If not,
what should be changed or added?
A major reason for including a deterministic
(structuralist) component in the defense-in-depth model (i.e., the
protective strategies) is to address the unknown contributors
(initiating events, failure mechanisms, physical performance, etc.) to
accidents. The deterministic component of the model requires that each
protective strategy is implemented, however, the extent or degree to
which each strategy is implemented is tempered by the associated risk
(which is the probabilistic or rationalist component of the model).
--What approaches to determining the degree of defense-in-depth
provided by each protective strategy would be appropriate?
--How relevant is the rationalist approach, given the uncertainty
associated with the unknown contributors?
--Are expert judgment approaches appropriate? What caveats and
controls would be needed?
--Are there ways to structure the uncertainty associated with
``unknown'' aspects of the risk that can be helpful? Could these be
used to provide a qualitative description of the uncertainty that would
provide a basis for assessment?
--What other possibilities are there?
Are there additional defense-in-depth principles that
should be adhered to? If so, what are they?
Is the proposed defense-in-depth criteria for containment
appropriate? If not, what should be used?
Is the defense-in-depth model advocated in the report
appropriate? Does it achieve the proper balance between structuralist
and rationalist aspects? If not, how should it be changed?
Is the implementation of the defense-in-depth model
described in the report appropriate? If not, how it should be changed?
Are incompleteness uncertainties reasonably accounted for?
If not, how should they be dealt with?
Are the proposed factors for considering changes to
existing emergency preparedness regulations or guidance appropriate? If
not, what should be used?
The Commission asked the staff to develop containment functional
performance requirements and criteria, working closely with industry
experts (e.g., designers, Electric Power Research Institute, etc.) and
other stakeholders regarding options in this area, and to take into
account such features as core, fuel, and cooling systems design. The
Commission also stated that the staff should pursue the development of
functional performance standards, and then submit options and
recommendations to the Commission on this important policy decision.
Does the proposed functional performance requirement and
criterion for containment take into account such features as the fuel,
core, and cooling system design?
Are the proposed performance requirement and criterion
performance-based?
Are the proposed performance requirement and criterion
risk-informed?
Does the proposed performance requirement and criterion
adequately account for uncertainties, including completeness
uncertainties?
Would the proposed performance requirement and criterion
result in excessive regulatory burden, including containment design,
construction and operating costs?
Does the proposed performance requirement and criterion
provide for public confidence?
How should the options, including the proposed option, be
revised in consideration of the above questions?
5. Process for Defining Scope of Requirements (and General
Implementation Issues)
A deductive process will be developed to identify and define the
scope and content of detailed technical and administrative requirements
that are necessary to ensure the safety objectives and criteria are
met.
Should the technology-neutral requirements be developed as
an independent alternative to licensing under 10 CFR part 50?
Is there a near-term (i.e., 3-5 years) need for the
framework?
The derivation of detailed technical requirements is being
developed. Is the process described (and illustrated with the barrier
integrity example) for the identification of the scope and content of
the detailed technical requirements from the protective strategies
reasonable? How could it be improved?
The approach for obtaining the needed administrative
requirements is
[[Page 5232]]
being developed. Is the process described so far reasonable? Are the
discussions on analysis methods and qualification, and on research and
development appropriate?
Should the technology-neutral requirements build upon and
utilize 10 CFR part 50 requirements as much as possible (i.e., whenever
10 CFR 50 requirements are technology neutral they should be
incorporated)?
Are the desired characteristics of a technology-neutral
regulatory structure listed in Sections 1.4 and 6.3 of the framework
reasonable? Is the list complete? If not, what characteristic(s) is
missing?
Are the described checks for completeness of the framework
adequate? What other checks could be performed?
Is it reasonable and practical to maintain a living PRA,
which would be used to periodically reclassify reactor accidents as
operating experience accrues?
From a regulatory perspective, in terms of enforceability,
is it practical to include the technology-specific details in a
regulatory guide, although included as part of the license, or directly
in a regulation?
Would performance-based requirements developed according
to appendix A to CFR 10 part 50, sufficiently address enforceability,
given that prescriptive requirements are easier to enforce?
At what stage should the technology-specific regulatory
guides be developed and to what level of detail? Currently, it is
envisioned, prior to pre-application or pre-certification, to develop
the technology-specific regulatory guides for each technology type, not
for each applicant. The technology-specific regulatory guide would
specify how to interpret such statements in the technology-neutral
regulation as fuel damage, accident prevention.
It is envisioned that these new technology-neutral
regulations would be a voluntary alternative to 10 CFR part 50. Should
these regulations be voluntary or mandatory? What would be the
motivation for an applicant to use this alternative? Should a licensee
be allowed to seek an exemption to 10 CFR part 50 to propose an
alternative approach based on the technology-neutral regulations?
Is a technology-neutral framework desirable for licensing
future reactors? What are the advantages of using a technology-neutral
framework? What are the difficulties of using such a framework?
6. Appendices
The following appendices have been identified to provide further
detailed information in understanding the criteria and guidelines in
the framework document.
Will the identified set of appendices be helpful? Should
any be dropped or redirected?
Would additional appendices be helpful? If yes, what
should be the topic and to what level should it be written?
A. Guidance for the Formulation of Performance-Based Requirements:
Provides an explanation of how the topics that must be addressed to
provide defense-in-depth protection via the protective strategies can
be implemented through performance-based requirements. Identifies the
steps in this process including the need for safety margin.
--Are there additional performance-based considerations that should be
included in appendix A?
B. Current Quantitative Guidelines for LWRs: The Framework
discusses the possibility of using surrogates to demonstrate that the
risk objectives of the frequency-consequence curve have been met.
Appendix B illustrates how core damage frequency and large early
release frequency are used for current LWRs as surrogates for the risk
objectives expressed by the latent cancer QHO and early fatality QHO,
respectively.
--Are there additional examples of the use of surrogates to achieve
higher level risk objectives that would be useful here?
C. Safety Characteristics of New Reactors: Brief summary
descriptions of a number of possible new reactor concepts. Includes a
discussion of safety features (and vulnerabilities, if identified)
structured to make clear the linkage to the Framework.
--Are there additional characteristics/features/attributes of the
various innovative designs that should receive special attention in
appendix C?
D. Probabilistic Risk Assessment Quality Needs for New Reactors:
There are now standards for PRA of LWRs. This appendix will define PRA
in a technology-neutral manner (e.g., core damage frequency as a
definition for Level 1 is technology-specific), identify extensions and
changes that may be needed for some new reactors, and will describe how
PRA is related to the development of regulatory requirements for new
reactors (e.g., development of a living PRA and what a living PRA
entails).
--What should be the scope and depth of this appendix? At a higher
level and look to professional organization to develop standard?
E. Assessment of 10 CFR Part 50 for New Reactors: A review of 10
CFR Part 50 requirements against a specific new reactor design.
Identifies where current requirements are directly applicable, which
requirements are not applicable, which requirements need to be adapted
to the new design concept, and what design features and uncertainties
call for new requirements.
F. Completeness Check: A review of other work being performed in
this area to identify any significant holes. Review and compare against
the NEI-02-02 framework and the technical document being prepared by
IAEA relating to technology-neutral regulations.
--Are there other sources that should be reviewed?
7. Glossary
A glossary is being developed with a standard set of definitions of
terms, in order to provide a common understanding, and to help
facilitate discussions and communication regarding the regulatory
structure for new plant licensing.
Have the appropriate terms been identified? If not, what
terms should be deleted or added?
Are the definitions reasonable? If not, why?
Should the definitions be standardized? Can the
definitions be used elsewhere? If not, which definitions can not be
standardized, and why?
Information about the working draft NUREG and the workshop may be
directed to Mr. A. Singh at (301) 415-0250 or e-mail axs3@NRC.GOV.
Although a time limit is given for comments on this draft document,
comments and suggestions in connection with items for inclusion in
guides currently being developed, or improvements in all published
guides, are encouraged at any time.
(5 U.S.C. 552(a))
Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 25th day of January 2005.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Charles E. Ader,
Director, Division of Risk Analysis and Applications, Office of Nuclear
Regulatory Research.
[FR Doc. 05-1770 Filed 1-31-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590-01-P