Sander C. Perle, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry; Denial of Petition for Rulemaking, 2577-2580 [05-778]
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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 10 / Friday, January 14, 2005 / Proposed Rules
7. Section 923.45 is revised to read as
follows:
NUCLEAR REGULATORY
COMMISSION
§ 923.45 Production and marketing
research, promotion and market
development.
10 CFR Part 20
The committee, with the approval of
the Secretary, may establish or provide
for the establishment of projects
involving production research,
marketing research and development,
and marketing promotion, including
paid advertising, designed to assist,
improve, or promote the marketing,
distribution, consumption or efficient
production of cherries. The expense of
such projects shall be paid from funds
collected pursuant to §§ 923.41 and
923.43.
8. Section 923.64 is amended by:
A. Revising paragraph (c).
B. Redesignating paragraph (d) as
paragraph (e).
C. Adding a new paragraph (d).
The revision and addition read as
follows:
Sander C. Perle, ICN Worldwide
Dosimetry; Denial of Petition for
Rulemaking
§ 923.64
[Docket No. PRM–20–25]
Termination.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) The Secretary shall terminate the
provisions of this part whenever it is
found that such termination is favored
by a majority of growers who, during a
representative period, have been
engaged in the production of cherries:
Provided, that such majority has, during
such representative period, produced
for market more than 50 percent of the
volume of such cherries produced for
market.
(d) The Secretary shall conduct a
referendum six years after the effective
date of this section and every sixth year
thereafter, to ascertain whether
continuance of this subpart is favored
by growers. The Secretary may
terminate the provisions of this subpart
at the end of any fiscal period in which
the Secretary has found that
continuance of this subpart is not
favored by growers who, during a
representative period determined by the
Secretary, have been engaged in the
production of cherries in the production
area.
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. 05–825 Filed 1–13–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410–02–P
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Nuclear Regulatory
Commission.
ACTION: Petition for rulemaking; Denial.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: The Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) is denying a petition
for rulemaking submitted by Sander C.
Perle, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry (now
Global Dosimetry Solutions, Inc.) (PRM–
20–25). The petitioner requested that
the NRC amend its regulations to
require that any dosimeter, without
exception, that is used to report dose of
record and demonstrate compliance
with the dose limits specified in the
Commission’s regulations be processed
and evaluated by a dosimetry processor
holding accreditation from the National
Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation
Program (NVLAP) of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology;
the definition of ‘‘Individual monitoring
devices’’ (individual monitoring
equipment) be revised to mean any
device used by licensees to show
compliance with the Commission’s
regulations; and ‘‘electronic dosimeters
and optically stimulated dosimeters’’ be
added as additional examples of
individual monitoring devices.
ADDRESSES: Copies of the petition for
rulemaking, the public comments
received, and the NRC’s letter to the
petitioner are available for public
inspection and/or copying in the NRC
Public Document room, 11555 Rockville
Pike, Rockville, Maryland. These same
documents are also available on the
NRC’s rulemaking Web site at https://
ruleforum.llnl.gov. For information
about the interactive rulemaking Web
site, contact Carol Gallagher, (301) 415–
5905, e-mail: CAG@nrc.gov.
The NRC maintains an Agencywide
Document Access and Management
System (ADAMS), which provides text
and image files of NRC’s public
documents. These documents may be
accessed through the NRC’s Public
Electronic Reading Room on the Internet
at https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/
adams.html. If you do not have access
to ADAMS or if there are problems in
accessing the documents located in
ADAMS, contact the NRC Public
Document Room Reference staff at 1–
800–397–4209, 301–415–4737, or by email to pdr@nrc.gov. Note: Public access
to documents, including access via
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ADAMS and the PDR, has been
temporarily suspended so that security
reviews of publicly available documents
may be performed and potentially
sensitive information removed.
However, access to the documents
identified in this Federal Register
continues to be available through the
rulemaking Web site at https://
ruleforum.llnl.gov, which was not
affected by the ADAMS shutdown.
Please check with the listed NRC
contact concerning any issues related to
document availability.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Torre Taylor, Office of Nuclear Material
Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Washington,
DC 20555–0001; telephone: (301) 415–
7900; e-mail: tmt@nrc.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
The Petition
On May 5, 2003 (68 FR 23618), the
NRC published a notice of receipt of a
petition for rulemaking filed by Sander
C. Perle, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry
(now Global Dosimetry Solutions, Inc.).
The petitioner requested that the NRC
amend its regulations to require that any
dosimeter, without exception, that is
used to report dose of record and
demonstrate compliance with the dose
limits specified in the Commission’s
regulations be processed and evaluated
by a dosimetry processor holding
accreditation from NVLAP; the
definition of ‘‘Individual monitoring
devices’’ [in 10 CFR 20.1003] (hereafter,
‘‘10 CFR Section’’ referred to as §)
(individual monitoring equipment) be
revised to mean any device used by
licensees to show compliance with
§ 20.1201; and ‘‘electronic dosimeters
and optically stimulated dosimeters’’ be
added as additional examples of
individual monitoring devices in the
definition of ‘‘Individual monitoring
devices.’’
The petitioner stated that the current
wording of § 20.1501) precludes
testing and accreditation requirements
for an electronic dosimeter. The
petitioner also stated that today’s
electronic dosimeters use multiple
microprocessors that include many
complex user input parameters that
ultimately affect the final dose and/or
dose rate reported. The dose determined
from an electronic dosimeter is a
‘‘processed’’ dose. The electronic
dosimeter requires that the licensee
program the dosimeter to respond to
various spectra, based on the calibration
and other licensee set parameters.
According to the petitioner, the NRC’s
position is that, because the current
§ 20.1501(c) does not appear to include
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the definition of an electronic
dosimeter, nothing prohibits a licensee
from using an electronic dosimeter to
establish a dose of record. The
petitioner states that the NRC’s
philosophy is that the NRC onsite
inspector can assess the validity of the
electronic dosimeter quality assurance
program. The petitioner believes that
the NVLAP onsite assessor [the NVLAP
onsite assessor who inspects the facility
requesting accreditation] is the most
appropriate individual to assess a
facility’s quality assurance program, and
to determine if the electronic dosimeter
is capable of measuring and reporting
accurate and precise dose results for
workers in a specific radiation work
environment, as the NVLAP onsite
assessor does for all other NVLAP
accredited whole body dosimeters.
The petitioner also stated that the
current wording of § 20.1501(c)
precludes testing and accreditation
requirements for an extremity dosimeter
(finger or wrist dosimeter). The
petitioner states that because § 20.1201,
Occupational dose limits for adults,
specifies a dose limit, including the
annual limits to the extremities, which
are a shallow dose equivalent of 50 rems
(0.5 Sv) to the skin or to an extremity,
it would seem logical that the dosimeter
used to make this dose determination
should be accredited through the same
process as a whole body dosimeter. The
petitioner indicated that NVLAP has
accredited [processors of] extremity
dosimeters per American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) standard
N13.32–1995, ‘‘Performance Testing of
Extremity Dosimeters,’’ for the past 8
years. The petitioner believes that there
is no reason to continue to exclude
[processors of] extremity dosimeters
from required NVLAP accreditation.
The petitioner believes that requiring
NVLAP accreditation [for the use] of
electronic dosimeters provides an
unbiased third-party evaluation and
recognition of performance, as well as
expert technical guidance to upgrade
laboratory performance. NVLAP
accreditation signifies that a laboratory
has demonstrated that it operates in
accordance with NVLAP management
and technical requirements pertaining
to quality systems; personnel;
accommodation and environment; test
and calibration methods; equipment;
measurement traceability; sampling;
handling of test and calibration items;
and test and calibration reports. NVLAP
accreditation does not imply any
guarantee (certification) of laboratory
performance or test/calibration data; it
is solely a finding of laboratory
competence.
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Public Comments on the Petition
The notice of receipt of the petition
for rulemaking invited interested
persons to submit comments. The
petition was docketed as PRM–20–25.
The petition was published in the
Federal Register on May 5, 2003 (68 FR
23618), for a 75-day comment period.
The comment period closed on July 21,
2003. NRC received nine comment
letters from utilities, industry, the
public, and a State radiation control
program. NRC also received three
comment letters from the petitioner, in
response to public comments NRC
received regarding the petition. Six
commenters recommended that NRC
deny the petition, three commenters
supported the petition, but with
substantial changes, and three
comments were received from the
petitioner responding to comments that
the NRC received on the petition. The
majority of the commenters opposed the
petition. Two commenters agreed with
the intent of the petition; however, they
had concerns with the proposed
regulatory language. Several
commenters noted that the proposed
revision would require NVLAP
accreditation [of processors] for all
dosimeters, including dosimeters that
are used as backup dosimeters. [Note
that the terms ‘‘secondary’’ and ‘‘backup
dosimetry’’ are used by the commenters.
NRC does not have a definition for
‘‘secondary’’ or ‘‘backup dosimetry.’’]
Some commenters indicated that
electronic dosimeters are control
devices for real-time exposure
information and should not be subject to
NVLAP accreditation for the processor.
The concern is that licensees might then
issue only one NVLAP accredited
dosimeter and remove the redundancy
now in place with wearing a second
dosimeter.
Cost was a major issue with the
commenters. One commenter believes
the proposed revision could force a
licensee to hire a third party to oversee
and implement its use of electronic
dosimeters. Others commented that
NVLAP testing costs would at least
double. Some commenters believe that
the cost of accreditation does not
warrant the benefit of having all
dosimeters evaluated by a NVLAP
accredited dosimetry processor. Several
commenters believed that the proposed
revision would impose additional
burden that is unnecessary and
unjustified.
One commenter questioned the
petitioner’s statement that electronic
dosimetry is processed. One commenter
questioned the availability of a viable
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standard for electronic dosimetry upon
which to base NVLAP testing.
Regarding the petitioner’s proposed
change to require NVLAP accreditation
for processors of extremity dosimetry,
one commenter indicated that the
current standard for extremity
dosimetry, ANSI/Health Physics Society
(HPS) N13.32–1995, ‘‘Performance
Testing of Extremity Dosimeters,’’ is
undergoing a major revision, and that
NRC should defer any rulemaking on
this issue until the revision of this
standard is completed.
One commenter believes that the
proposed revision represents a backfit
requirement and that it would impose
new requirements on licensees with an
additional burden to revise programs
and procedures, and to provide training.
Many commenters believe that the
current programs for monitoring and
recording occupational radiation dose
are adequate to assure protection of
worker health and safety and did not
believe the petitioner provided
information to the contrary. One
commenter did not believe that the
petition described a regulatory problem
or issue in the current program and that
the proposed revision only provided an
enhancement to the regulations. One
commenter stated that: ‘‘There are
certain situations where NVLAP
accreditation is not available for all
neutron fields. * * * the proposal
would leave no compliance option for
licensees with radiation fields beyond
the standard NVLAP parameters.’’
Another commenter indicated that the
proposed revision would empower
NVLAP to dictate to the licensee the
categories for which testing would be
required.
The petitioner provided three
comments in response to public
comments that were submitted to NRC,
which are summarized as follows. The
petitioner stated that the intent of the
petition is for the proposed revisions to
apply only to the primary dosimeter,
and not to the secondary dosimeter.
[Note that the terms ‘‘primary’’ and
‘‘secondary’’ are used by the petitioner;
NRC does not have a definition of these
terms in its regulations. The NRC staff
understands that the petitioner means
the ‘‘primary’’ dosimeter as the
dosimeter that provides the ‘‘dose of
record’’ and that the ‘‘secondary’’
dosimeter is the ‘‘backup’’ dosimeter.]
The petitioner disagreed with a
comment that no compliance options
are left for licensees with radiation
fields beyond NVLAP parameters. A
facility would test in those radiation
categories that are representative of the
radiation field to which its employees
are exposed. The petitioner also stated
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that if the petition was not approved,
the extremity ring or wrist dosimeters
would continue to be worn with no
requirement that they be tested under
any proficiency testing program.
Reasons for Denial
After reviewing the petition and the
public comments, the NRC is denying
the petition. NRC has determined that
the current NRC regulations are
adequate to protect worker and public
health and safety. The NRC is denying
the petition because there is insufficient
evidence that it solves a regulatory
problem or improves health and safety.
The additional requirements would be
an increase in burden for licensees who
have their own accreditation, and for
processors, without a commensurate
benefit of increased protection of worker
health and safety. The increase in
burden would be from the additional
resources for the NVLAP accreditation
process, which includes the
accreditation fee, as well as the staff
time to go through the accreditation
process, which includes an on-site
assessment of the facility. The
accreditation is renewed every two
years, so this is not a one time cost. This
would be an imposed burden with no
additional benefit in health and safety.
Discussion of the specific requests of
the petitioner follows. The NRC is
denying the petitioner’s request that the
NRC amend its regulations to require
that any dosimeter, without exception,
that is used to report dose of record and
demonstrate compliance with the dose
limits specified in the Commission’s
regulations be processed and evaluated
by a dosimetry processor holding
accreditation from NVLAP. The NRC
does not agree with the petitioner that
electronic dosimeters are processed.
Although not defined in the regulations,
NRC interprets processing to mean a
process, separate from, and independent
of, the design of the dosimeter, that is
required to extract dose information
from the dosimeter after exposure to
radiation. Processing is necessary with
film or thermoluminescent (TLD)
dosimetry to obtain the dose
information. With film or TLD
dosimetry, the quality of the processing
is dependent on the competence of the
processor, and not on the dosimeter
design. Quality is built into the design
of dosimeters that do not require
processing. Additionally, these devices
are calibrated on a routine basis to
ensure the device is responding
properly. The NRC is not aware of any
problem with the current calibration
processes, and the petitioner has not
provided any evidence of an existing
deficiency in the calibration process.
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The NRC reviews licensees’ calibration
programs during routine inspections.
Subjecting processors to NVLAP
accreditation for dosimeters that do not
require processing will not improve the
reliability of these dosimeters.
Regarding the petitioner’s request to
remove the exception for NVLAP
accreditation for extremity dosimetry,
currently allowed in § 20.1501(c), the
NRC agrees in principle that it is a good
idea to include extremity dosimeters
that require processing in the
requirement for NVLAP accreditation
for processors. However, the ANSI and
HPS standard for extremity dosimeters,
ANSI/HPS N13.32–1995, ‘‘Performance
Testing of Extremity Dosimeters,’’ is
undergoing a major revision. The
petitioner has provided no evidence that
there is a current health and safety
problem and much of the industry is
voluntarily obtaining NVLAP
accreditation for processing of extremity
dosimetry. Consequently, the NRC
believes it is premature to remove this
regulatory exception. Therefore, NRC is
not taking regulatory action on this
issue.
Granting the petitioner’s request to
revise the definition of ‘‘Individual
monitoring device’’ in § 20.1003 to add
‘‘used by licensees to show compliance
with § 20.1201’’ would result in
unintended requirements. There are
many devices used to show compliance,
such as alarming ratemeters, chirpers,
and lapel air samplers. The petition, if
granted, would result in a requirement
that users of essentially all listed types
of dosimeters would go through a
process that is accredited by NVLAP.
Many individual monitoring devices do
not require processing to obtain the dose
information, such as alarming
ratemeters, chirpers, etc., and NVLAP
accreditation will not improve the
reliability of the devices. The petitioner
also proposed adding two more
examples, electronic dosimeters and
optically stimulated dosimeters, in the
definition of ‘‘Individual monitoring
device.’’ The current examples in the
definition of ‘‘Individual monitoring
device’’ are not meant to be all
inclusive, and adding two more
examples will not add any safety value
and does not justify a rulemaking.
This petition must also be evaluated
with respect to NRC’s backfitting
requirements. Backfit is defined, in part,
as the modification of, or addition to,
the procedures or organization required
to design, construct or operate a facility;
any of which may result from a new or
amended provision in the Commission
rules or the imposition of a regulatory
staff position interpreting the
Commission rules that is either new or
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2579
different from a previously applicable
staff position (See §§ 50.109, 70.76,
72.62, and 76.76). The NRC requires
backfitting only when it determines that
there is a substantial increase in the
overall protection of the public health
and safety or the common defense and
security to be derived from the backfit,
and that the direct and indirect costs of
implementation are justified in view of
this increased protection.
The petitioner’s proposed action
would be considered a backfit because
it would require licensees to modify
their procedures and organization to
operate a facility, and the proposed
action does not fall within any of the
exceptions in the above referenced
sections of the regulations. The petition,
if granted, would require that any
dosimeter that could possibly be used to
report the dose of record and
demonstrate compliance with the dose
limits specified in the NRC regulations
be processed and evaluated by a
dosimetry processor holding NVLAP
accreditation. This would require an
expansion of the requirements for the
dosimeters with an increased cost and
burden to licensees, without a
commensurate benefit in health and
safety or the common defense and
security.
After reviewing the proposed actions,
NRC believes that the proposed actions
would not pass a detailed backfit
analysis. There is insufficient evidence
that the petition, if granted, would solve
a regulatory problem or improve health
and safety. No data were provided by
the petitioner, nor did the NRC find any
data, to show that existing regulations
are inadequate to protect health and
safety. The increase in cost to licensees,
without a commensurate health and
safety benefit or the common defense
and security, does not warrant granting
this petition.
In conclusion, there is insufficient
evidence that the petition solves a
regulatory problem or improves health
and safety. If the petition were granted,
there would be a large increase in
burden to licensees that is unjustified
without a health and safety concern.
Therefore, the NRC has determined that
existing NRC regulations are adequate to
provide the basis for reasonable
assurance that worker health and safety
are protected.
For the reasons cited in this
document, the NRC denies this petition.
Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 23 day
of December, 2004.
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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 10 / Friday, January 14, 2005 / Proposed Rules
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Ellis W. Merschoff,
Acting, Executive Director for Operations.
[FR Doc. 05–778 Filed 1–13–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590–01–P
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
16 CFR Part 312
RIN 3084–AB00
Children’s Online Privacy Protection
Rule
AGENCY:
Federal Trade Commission
(FTC).
Notice of proposed rulemaking,
request for comment.
ACTION:
SUMMARY: The Federal Trade
Commission proposes amending the
Children’s Online Privacy Protection
Rule (‘‘the Rule’’) to permanently allow
website operators and online services to
obtain verifiable parental consent for the
collection of personal information from
children for internal use by the website
operator through sending an e-mail
message to parents coupled with
additional steps.
DATES: Comments must be received by
February 14, 2005.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties are
invited to submit written comments.
Comments should refer to ‘‘Sliding
Scale 2005, Project No. P054503’’ to
facilitate the organization of comments.
A comment filed in paper form should
include this reference both in the text
and on the envelope, and should be
mailed or delivered to the following
address: Federal Trade Commission/
Office of the Secretary, Room 159–H
(Annex Y), 600 Pennsylvania Avenue,
NW., Washington, DC 20580. Comments
containing confidential material must be
filed in paper form, must be clearly
labeled ‘‘Confidential,’’ and must
comply with Commission Rule 4.9(c).
16 CFR 4.9(c) (2004).1
Comments filed in electronic form
should be submitted by clicking on the
following Web link: https://
secure.commentworks.com/
ftcslidingscale/ and following the
instructions on the Web-based form. To
ensure that the Commission considers
an electronic comment, you must file it
on the Web-based form at the https://
1 The comment must be accompanied by an
explicit request for confidential treatment,
including the factual and legal basis for the request,
and must identify the specific portions of the
comment to be withheld from the public record.
The request will be granted or denied by the
Commission’s General Counsel, consistent with
applicable law and the public interest. See
Commission Rule 4.9(c), 16 CFR 4.9(c).
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secure.commentworks.com/
ftcslidingscale/ Web link. You may also
visit https://www.regulations.gov to read
this notice of proposed rulemaking, and
may file an electronic comment through
that Web site. The Commission will
consider all comments that
regulations.gov forwards to it.
The FTC Act and other laws the
Commission administers permit the
collection of public comments to
consider and use in this proceeding as
appropriate. All timely and responsive
public comments, whether filed in
paper or electronic form, will be
considered by the Commission, and will
be available to the public on the FTC
Web site, to the extent practicable, at
https://www.ftc.gov/privacy/
privacyinitiatives/childrens_lr.html. As
a matter of discretion, the FTC makes
every effort to remove home contact
information for individuals from the
public comments it receives before
placing those comments on the FTC
Web site. More information, including
routine uses permitted by the Privacy
Act, may be found in the FTC’s privacy
policy, at https://www.ftc.gov/ftc/
privacy.htm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Rona Kelner, (202) 326–2752, or Karen
Muoio, (202) 326–2491, Division of
Advertising Practices, Bureau of
Consumer Protection, Federal Trade
Commission, 601 New Jersey Avenue
NW., Washington, DC 20580.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On October 20, 1999, the Commission
issued its final Rule 2 pursuant to the
Children’s Online Privacy Protection
Act (‘‘COPPA’’), 15 U.S.C. 6501, et seq.
The Rule imposes certain requirements
on operators of websites or online
services directed to children under 13
years of age, or other websites or online
services that have actual knowledge that
they have collected personal
information from a child under 13 years
of age. Among other things, the Rule
requires that website operators or online
services obtain verifiable parental
consent prior to collecting, using, or
disclosing personal information from
children under 13 years of age.
II. The Sliding Scale
The Rule provides that, ‘‘[a]ny
method to obtain verifiable parental
consent must be reasonably calculated,
in light of available technology, to
ensure that the person providing
consent is the child’s parent.’’ 3 The
Rule sets forth a sliding scale approach
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3 16
FR 59888 (1999).
CFR 312.5(b)(1).
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to obtaining verifiable parental consent.
If the website operator is collecting
personal information for its internal use
only, the Rule allows verifiable parental
consent to be obtained through the use
of an e-mail message to the parent,
coupled with additional steps to
provide assurances that the parent is
providing the consent. Such additional
steps include: sending a confirmatory email to the parent after receiving
consent or obtaining a postal address or
telephone number from the parent and
confirming the parent’s consent by letter
or telephone call.4
In contrast, for uses of personal
information that will involve disclosing
the information to the public or third
parties, the Rule requires that website
operators use more reliable methods of
obtaining verifiable parental consent.
These methods include: using a printand-send form that can be faxed or
mailed back to the website operator;
requiring a parent to use a credit card
in connection with a transaction; having
a parent call a toll-free telephone
number staffed by trained personnel;
using a digital certificate that uses
public key technology; and using e-mail
accompanied by a PIN or password
obtained through one of the above
methods.5
An effect of the sliding scale is that
the relatively lower cost of seeking
permission for internal use of children’s
information may encourage website
operators to collect personal
information for their internal use only,
rather than for disclosure to third
parties and the public. As noted in the
Rule’s Statement of Basis and Purpose,
‘‘the record shows that disclosures to
third parties are among the most
sensitive and potentially risky uses of
children’s personal information.’’ 6
The sliding scale was originally set to
expire on April 21, 2002, but was
extended, following a notice and public
comment period, for an additional three
years.7 It is now scheduled to expire on
April 21, 2005, at which time website
operators would have to obtain
verifiable parental consent using the
more reliable (and costly) methods for
all uses of personal information.8 At the
time it issued the final Rule, the
Commission anticipated that the sliding
scale was necessary only in the short
term because more reliable methods of
obtaining verifiable parental consent
would soon be widely available at a
4 Id.
5 16
CFR 312.5(b)(2).
FR 59899 (1999).
7 See https://www.ftc.gov/privacy/
privacyinitiatives/childrens_lr.html for notice and
public comments.
8 67 FR 18818 (2002).
6 64
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 10 (Friday, January 14, 2005)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 2577-2580]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-778]
=======================================================================
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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
10 CFR Part 20
[Docket No. PRM-20-25]
Sander C. Perle, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry; Denial of Petition for
Rulemaking
AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
ACTION: Petition for rulemaking; Denial.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is denying a petition
for rulemaking submitted by Sander C. Perle, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry
(now Global Dosimetry Solutions, Inc.) (PRM-20-25). The petitioner
requested that the NRC amend its regulations to require that any
dosimeter, without exception, that is used to report dose of record and
demonstrate compliance with the dose limits specified in the
Commission's regulations be processed and evaluated by a dosimetry
processor holding accreditation from the National Voluntary Laboratory
Accreditation Program (NVLAP) of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology; the definition of ``Individual monitoring devices''
(individual monitoring equipment) be revised to mean any device used by
licensees to show compliance with the Commission's regulations; and
``electronic dosimeters and optically stimulated dosimeters'' be added
as additional examples of individual monitoring devices.
ADDRESSES: Copies of the petition for rulemaking, the public comments
received, and the NRC's letter to the petitioner are available for
public inspection and/or copying in the NRC Public Document room, 11555
Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland. These same documents are also
available on the NRC's rulemaking Web site at https://
ruleforum.llnl.gov. For information about the interactive rulemaking
Web site, contact Carol Gallagher, (301) 415-5905, e-mail: CAG@nrc.gov.
The NRC maintains an Agencywide Document Access and Management
System (ADAMS), which provides text and image files of NRC's public
documents. These documents may be accessed through the NRC's Public
Electronic Reading Room on the Internet at https://www.nrc.gov/reading-
rm/adams.html. If you do not have access to ADAMS or if there are
problems in accessing the documents located in ADAMS, contact the NRC
Public Document Room Reference staff at 1-800-397-4209, 301-415-4737,
or by e-mail to pdr@nrc.gov. Note: Public access to documents,
including access via ADAMS and the PDR, has been temporarily suspended
so that security reviews of publicly available documents may be
performed and potentially sensitive information removed. However,
access to the documents identified in this Federal Register continues
to be available through the rulemaking Web site at https://
ruleforum.llnl.gov, which was not affected by the ADAMS shutdown.
Please check with the listed NRC contact concerning any issues related
to document availability.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Torre Taylor, Office of Nuclear
Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Washington, DC 20555-0001; telephone: (301) 415-7900; e-mail:
tmt@nrc.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
The Petition
On May 5, 2003 (68 FR 23618), the NRC published a notice of receipt
of a petition for rulemaking filed by Sander C. Perle, ICN Worldwide
Dosimetry (now Global Dosimetry Solutions, Inc.). The petitioner
requested that the NRC amend its regulations to require that any
dosimeter, without exception, that is used to report dose of record and
demonstrate compliance with the dose limits specified in the
Commission's regulations be processed and evaluated by a dosimetry
processor holding accreditation from NVLAP; the definition of
``Individual monitoring devices'' [in 10 CFR 20.1003] (hereafter, ``10
CFR Section'' referred to as Sec. ) (individual monitoring equipment)
be revised to mean any device used by licensees to show compliance with
Sec. 20.1201; and ``electronic dosimeters and optically stimulated
dosimeters'' be added as additional examples of individual monitoring
devices in the definition of ``Individual monitoring devices.''
The petitioner stated that the current wording of Sec.
20.1501(copyright)) precludes testing and accreditation requirements
for an electronic dosimeter. The petitioner also stated that today's
electronic dosimeters use multiple microprocessors that include many
complex user input parameters that ultimately affect the final dose
and/or dose rate reported. The dose determined from an electronic
dosimeter is a ``processed'' dose. The electronic dosimeter requires
that the licensee program the dosimeter to respond to various spectra,
based on the calibration and other licensee set parameters. According
to the petitioner, the NRC's position is that, because the current
Sec. 20.1501(c) does not appear to include
[[Page 2578]]
the definition of an electronic dosimeter, nothing prohibits a licensee
from using an electronic dosimeter to establish a dose of record. The
petitioner states that the NRC's philosophy is that the NRC onsite
inspector can assess the validity of the electronic dosimeter quality
assurance program. The petitioner believes that the NVLAP onsite
assessor [the NVLAP onsite assessor who inspects the facility
requesting accreditation] is the most appropriate individual to assess
a facility's quality assurance program, and to determine if the
electronic dosimeter is capable of measuring and reporting accurate and
precise dose results for workers in a specific radiation work
environment, as the NVLAP onsite assessor does for all other NVLAP
accredited whole body dosimeters.
The petitioner also stated that the current wording of Sec.
20.1501(c) precludes testing and accreditation requirements for an
extremity dosimeter (finger or wrist dosimeter). The petitioner states
that because Sec. 20.1201, Occupational dose limits for adults,
specifies a dose limit, including the annual limits to the extremities,
which are a shallow dose equivalent of 50 rems (0.5 Sv) to the skin or
to an extremity, it would seem logical that the dosimeter used to make
this dose determination should be accredited through the same process
as a whole body dosimeter. The petitioner indicated that NVLAP has
accredited [processors of] extremity dosimeters per American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) standard N13.32-1995, ``Performance Testing
of Extremity Dosimeters,'' for the past 8 years. The petitioner
believes that there is no reason to continue to exclude [processors of]
extremity dosimeters from required NVLAP accreditation.
The petitioner believes that requiring NVLAP accreditation [for the
use] of electronic dosimeters provides an unbiased third-party
evaluation and recognition of performance, as well as expert technical
guidance to upgrade laboratory performance. NVLAP accreditation
signifies that a laboratory has demonstrated that it operates in
accordance with NVLAP management and technical requirements pertaining
to quality systems; personnel; accommodation and environment; test and
calibration methods; equipment; measurement traceability; sampling;
handling of test and calibration items; and test and calibration
reports. NVLAP accreditation does not imply any guarantee
(certification) of laboratory performance or test/calibration data; it
is solely a finding of laboratory competence.
Public Comments on the Petition
The notice of receipt of the petition for rulemaking invited
interested persons to submit comments. The petition was docketed as
PRM-20-25. The petition was published in the Federal Register on May 5,
2003 (68 FR 23618), for a 75-day comment period. The comment period
closed on July 21, 2003. NRC received nine comment letters from
utilities, industry, the public, and a State radiation control program.
NRC also received three comment letters from the petitioner, in
response to public comments NRC received regarding the petition. Six
commenters recommended that NRC deny the petition, three commenters
supported the petition, but with substantial changes, and three
comments were received from the petitioner responding to comments that
the NRC received on the petition. The majority of the commenters
opposed the petition. Two commenters agreed with the intent of the
petition; however, they had concerns with the proposed regulatory
language. Several commenters noted that the proposed revision would
require NVLAP accreditation [of processors] for all dosimeters,
including dosimeters that are used as backup dosimeters. [Note that the
terms ``secondary'' and ``backup dosimetry'' are used by the
commenters. NRC does not have a definition for ``secondary'' or
``backup dosimetry.''] Some commenters indicated that electronic
dosimeters are control devices for real-time exposure information and
should not be subject to NVLAP accreditation for the processor. The
concern is that licensees might then issue only one NVLAP accredited
dosimeter and remove the redundancy now in place with wearing a second
dosimeter.
Cost was a major issue with the commenters. One commenter believes
the proposed revision could force a licensee to hire a third party to
oversee and implement its use of electronic dosimeters. Others
commented that NVLAP testing costs would at least double. Some
commenters believe that the cost of accreditation does not warrant the
benefit of having all dosimeters evaluated by a NVLAP accredited
dosimetry processor. Several commenters believed that the proposed
revision would impose additional burden that is unnecessary and
unjustified.
One commenter questioned the petitioner's statement that electronic
dosimetry is processed. One commenter questioned the availability of a
viable standard for electronic dosimetry upon which to base NVLAP
testing.
Regarding the petitioner's proposed change to require NVLAP
accreditation for processors of extremity dosimetry, one commenter
indicated that the current standard for extremity dosimetry, ANSI/
Health Physics Society (HPS) N13.32-1995, ``Performance Testing of
Extremity Dosimeters,'' is undergoing a major revision, and that NRC
should defer any rulemaking on this issue until the revision of this
standard is completed.
One commenter believes that the proposed revision represents a
backfit requirement and that it would impose new requirements on
licensees with an additional burden to revise programs and procedures,
and to provide training. Many commenters believe that the current
programs for monitoring and recording occupational radiation dose are
adequate to assure protection of worker health and safety and did not
believe the petitioner provided information to the contrary. One
commenter did not believe that the petition described a regulatory
problem or issue in the current program and that the proposed revision
only provided an enhancement to the regulations. One commenter stated
that: ``There are certain situations where NVLAP accreditation is not
available for all neutron fields. * * * the proposal would leave no
compliance option for licensees with radiation fields beyond the
standard NVLAP parameters.'' Another commenter indicated that the
proposed revision would empower NVLAP to dictate to the licensee the
categories for which testing would be required.
The petitioner provided three comments in response to public
comments that were submitted to NRC, which are summarized as follows.
The petitioner stated that the intent of the petition is for the
proposed revisions to apply only to the primary dosimeter, and not to
the secondary dosimeter. [Note that the terms ``primary'' and
``secondary'' are used by the petitioner; NRC does not have a
definition of these terms in its regulations. The NRC staff understands
that the petitioner means the ``primary'' dosimeter as the dosimeter
that provides the ``dose of record'' and that the ``secondary''
dosimeter is the ``backup'' dosimeter.] The petitioner disagreed with a
comment that no compliance options are left for licensees with
radiation fields beyond NVLAP parameters. A facility would test in
those radiation categories that are representative of the radiation
field to which its employees are exposed. The petitioner also stated
[[Page 2579]]
that if the petition was not approved, the extremity ring or wrist
dosimeters would continue to be worn with no requirement that they be
tested under any proficiency testing program.
Reasons for Denial
After reviewing the petition and the public comments, the NRC is
denying the petition. NRC has determined that the current NRC
regulations are adequate to protect worker and public health and
safety. The NRC is denying the petition because there is insufficient
evidence that it solves a regulatory problem or improves health and
safety. The additional requirements would be an increase in burden for
licensees who have their own accreditation, and for processors, without
a commensurate benefit of increased protection of worker health and
safety. The increase in burden would be from the additional resources
for the NVLAP accreditation process, which includes the accreditation
fee, as well as the staff time to go through the accreditation process,
which includes an on-site assessment of the facility. The accreditation
is renewed every two years, so this is not a one time cost. This would
be an imposed burden with no additional benefit in health and safety.
Discussion of the specific requests of the petitioner follows. The
NRC is denying the petitioner's request that the NRC amend its
regulations to require that any dosimeter, without exception, that is
used to report dose of record and demonstrate compliance with the dose
limits specified in the Commission's regulations be processed and
evaluated by a dosimetry processor holding accreditation from NVLAP.
The NRC does not agree with the petitioner that electronic dosimeters
are processed. Although not defined in the regulations, NRC interprets
processing to mean a process, separate from, and independent of, the
design of the dosimeter, that is required to extract dose information
from the dosimeter after exposure to radiation. Processing is necessary
with film or thermoluminescent (TLD) dosimetry to obtain the dose
information. With film or TLD dosimetry, the quality of the processing
is dependent on the competence of the processor, and not on the
dosimeter design. Quality is built into the design of dosimeters that
do not require processing. Additionally, these devices are calibrated
on a routine basis to ensure the device is responding properly. The NRC
is not aware of any problem with the current calibration processes, and
the petitioner has not provided any evidence of an existing deficiency
in the calibration process. The NRC reviews licensees' calibration
programs during routine inspections. Subjecting processors to NVLAP
accreditation for dosimeters that do not require processing will not
improve the reliability of these dosimeters.
Regarding the petitioner's request to remove the exception for
NVLAP accreditation for extremity dosimetry, currently allowed in Sec.
20.1501(c), the NRC agrees in principle that it is a good idea to
include extremity dosimeters that require processing in the requirement
for NVLAP accreditation for processors. However, the ANSI and HPS
standard for extremity dosimeters, ANSI/HPS N13.32-1995, ``Performance
Testing of Extremity Dosimeters,'' is undergoing a major revision. The
petitioner has provided no evidence that there is a current health and
safety problem and much of the industry is voluntarily obtaining NVLAP
accreditation for processing of extremity dosimetry. Consequently, the
NRC believes it is premature to remove this regulatory exception.
Therefore, NRC is not taking regulatory action on this issue.
Granting the petitioner's request to revise the definition of
``Individual monitoring device'' in Sec. 20.1003 to add ``used by
licensees to show compliance with Sec. 20.1201'' would result in
unintended requirements. There are many devices used to show
compliance, such as alarming ratemeters, chirpers, and lapel air
samplers. The petition, if granted, would result in a requirement that
users of essentially all listed types of dosimeters would go through a
process that is accredited by NVLAP. Many individual monitoring devices
do not require processing to obtain the dose information, such as
alarming ratemeters, chirpers, etc., and NVLAP accreditation will not
improve the reliability of the devices. The petitioner also proposed
adding two more examples, electronic dosimeters and optically
stimulated dosimeters, in the definition of ``Individual monitoring
device.'' The current examples in the definition of ``Individual
monitoring device'' are not meant to be all inclusive, and adding two
more examples will not add any safety value and does not justify a
rulemaking.
This petition must also be evaluated with respect to NRC's
backfitting requirements. Backfit is defined, in part, as the
modification of, or addition to, the procedures or organization
required to design, construct or operate a facility; any of which may
result from a new or amended provision in the Commission rules or the
imposition of a regulatory staff position interpreting the Commission
rules that is either new or different from a previously applicable
staff position (See Sec. Sec. 50.109, 70.76, 72.62, and 76.76). The
NRC requires backfitting only when it determines that there is a
substantial increase in the overall protection of the public health and
safety or the common defense and security to be derived from the
backfit, and that the direct and indirect costs of implementation are
justified in view of this increased protection.
The petitioner's proposed action would be considered a backfit
because it would require licensees to modify their procedures and
organization to operate a facility, and the proposed action does not
fall within any of the exceptions in the above referenced sections of
the regulations. The petition, if granted, would require that any
dosimeter that could possibly be used to report the dose of record and
demonstrate compliance with the dose limits specified in the NRC
regulations be processed and evaluated by a dosimetry processor holding
NVLAP accreditation. This would require an expansion of the
requirements for the dosimeters with an increased cost and burden to
licensees, without a commensurate benefit in health and safety or the
common defense and security.
After reviewing the proposed actions, NRC believes that the
proposed actions would not pass a detailed backfit analysis. There is
insufficient evidence that the petition, if granted, would solve a
regulatory problem or improve health and safety. No data were provided
by the petitioner, nor did the NRC find any data, to show that existing
regulations are inadequate to protect health and safety. The increase
in cost to licensees, without a commensurate health and safety benefit
or the common defense and security, does not warrant granting this
petition.
In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence that the petition
solves a regulatory problem or improves health and safety. If the
petition were granted, there would be a large increase in burden to
licensees that is unjustified without a health and safety concern.
Therefore, the NRC has determined that existing NRC regulations are
adequate to provide the basis for reasonable assurance that worker
health and safety are protected.
For the reasons cited in this document, the NRC denies this
petition.
Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 23 day of December, 2004.
[[Page 2580]]
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Ellis W. Merschoff,
Acting, Executive Director for Operations.
[FR Doc. 05-778 Filed 1-13-05; 8:45 am]
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