[Federal Register: June 10, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 112)] [Rules and Regulations] [Page 32937-32977] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr10jn08-5] [[Page 32937]] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Part IV Department of Commerce ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Patent and Trademark Office ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 CFR Part 41 Rules of Practice Before the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences in Ex Parte Appeals; Final Rule [[Page 32938]] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office 37 CFR Part 41 [Docket No. PTO-P-2007-0006] RIN 0651-AC12 Rules of Practice Before the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences in Ex Parte Appeals AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce. ACTION: Final rule. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office amends the rules governing practice before the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences in ex parte patent appeals. Amendments to the rules governing practice before the Board in ex parte appeals are needed to permit the Board to handle an increasing number of ex parte appeals in a timely manner. DATES: Effective Date: December 10, 2008. Applicability Date: The final rule shall apply to all appeals in which an appeal brief is filed on or after the effective date. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Fred E. McKelvey or Allen R. MacDonald at 571-272-9797. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background A notice of proposed rulemaking was published in the Federal Register (72 FR 41,472-41,490 (Jul. 30, 2007)). The notice was also published in the Official Gazette. 1321 Off. Gaz. Pat. Office 95 (Aug. 21, 2007). The public was invited to submit written comments. Comments were to be received on or before September 30, 2007. Comments received on or before October 15, 2007, were considered. Comments received after October 15, 2007, were not considered. Existing rules in Part 1 are denominated as ``Rule x'' in this supplementary information. A reference to Rule 136(a) is a reference to 37 CFR 1.136(a) (2007). Existing rules in Part 41 are denominated as ``Rule 41.x'' in this supplementary information. A reference to Rule 41.3 is a reference to 37 CFR 41.3 (2007). Proposed rules in the notice of proposed rulemaking and this final rule are denominated as ``Bd.R. x'' in this supplementary information. A reference to Bd.R. 41.3 is a reference to Bd.R. 41.3, as proposed to be amended in the notice of proposed rulemaking, or Bd.R. 41.3 as amended by this final rule. A portion of the Board's jurisdiction is to consider and decide ex parte appeals in patent applications (including reissue, design and plant patent applications) and ex parte reexamination proceedings. Presently, the Board is experiencing a rapid increase in ex parte appeals. In FY 2007, the Board received 4639 ex parte appeals. The number of appeals received in FY 2007 exceeded the appeals received in FY 2006 by more than 1000 appeals. In FY 2008, the Board expects to receive more than 6000 ex parte appeals. The amendments to the rules governing ex parte appeals are one item of a five point plan to ensure that the Board will be able to handle an increasing number of ex parte appeals in a timely manner. Some of the changes are modeled after the Federal Circuit rules. The amended rules make clear that the Board is not a tribunal for de novo examination. The rules establish procedures to determine whether an appellant has established that the examiner erred. For example, the rules require the appellant's argument shall explain why the examiner is believed to have erred as to each rejection to be reviewed. Arguments not made are waived. A major objective of the amended rules is to avoid unnecessary returns to examiners by the Appeals Center and the Board, along with the resulting delays in application and appeal pendency. The requirements of the amended rules are believed to be more objective and, therefore, both appellants and examiners will have a better understanding of what is required, thereby minimizing, if not eliminating, a need to hold appeal briefs defective. If a rule does not require an action to be taken in connection with an appeal brief, then a brief will not be held defective for failure to take that action. Some former rules have turned out in practice to be too subjective. For example, the former rules require a summary of the invention. Appellants, as well as examiners, have given different interpretations to the requirement for a summary of the invention. The amended rules replace the requirement for a summary of the invention with a claims and drawing analysis and a means or step plus function analysis. Appellants have also had difficulty complying with the evidence appendix requirement. Compliance with the amended rules is expected to ensure that the Appeals Center and the Board, working together, can minimize, possibly eliminate, unwarranted returns to examiners based on non-compliant appeal brief requirements. The amended rules are directed to improving appellant briefing. A 30-page limit for the brief will promote concise and precise writing. Any statement of the real party in interest, statement of related cases, table of contents, table of authorities, status of amendments, jurisdictional statement, signature block, and appendix are excluded from the 30-page limit. The amended rules also require a ``statement of facts'' section where the appellant is required to set out the material facts relevant to the rejections on appeal. The amended rules require an ``argument'' section where an appellant shall explain why the examiner is believed to have erred as to each rejection to be reviewed. Any explanation must address all points made by the examiner with which the appellant disagrees and must identify where the argument was made in the first instance to the examiner or state that the argument has not previously been made to the examiner. By having a clear focus on the dispute and making clear what arguments have been and have not been presented to the examiner, the USPTO reviewers as well as the examiner can make a well-informed decision on (1) whether to proceed with the appeal or (2) whether to withdraw the rejection. Finally, the amended rules improve uniform enforcement of the rules. Petitions are decided by the Chief Administrative Patent Judge of the Board. Under former rules, petitions are decided by the Director of each Technology Center. The rules also allow for sanctions which may be imposed against an appellant for failure to comply with an applicable rule. The rules do not amend any of the rules relating to inter partes reexamination appeals. Except for citation of authorities, the rules do not amend any of the rules relating to contested cases. Explanation of New Rules What follows is a discussion of the new appeal rules. Further information relevant to particular rules appears in the analysis of comments portion of this final rule. Definitions Bd.R. 41.2 amends Rule 41.2 to eliminate from the definition of ``Board'' any reference to a proceeding under Bd.R. 41.3 relating to petitions to the Chief Administrative Patent Judge. Action by the Chief Administrative [[Page 32939]] Patent Judge is action on behalf of the Director by delegation to the Chief Administrative Patent Judge. See MPEP Sec. 1002.02(f) (8th ed., Aug., 2006). Bd.R. 41.2 also amends Rule 41.2 to eliminate a petition under Bd.R. 41.3 from the definition of contested case. At the present time, there are no petitions authorized in a contested case. Petitions Bd.R. 41.3 is amended to include a delegation of authority from the Director to the Chief Administrative Patent Judge to decide certain petitions authorized by Part 41. The delegation of authority would be in addition to that already set out in the MPEP Sec. 1002.02(f) (8th ed., Aug., 2006). The petitions would include (1) seeking an extension of time to file certain papers after an appeal brief is filed in an ex parte appeal and (2) enlarging the page limit of an appeal brief, reply brief, or request for rehearing. Bd.R. 41.3(b) is amended to define the scope of petitions which can be filed pursuant to the rules. Under Bd.R. 41.3(b), a petition could not be filed to seek review of issues committed by statute to a panel. See, e.g., In re Dickinson, 299 F.2d 954, 958 (CCPA 1962). Timeliness Bd.R. 41.4(c) is amended to add the phrase ``Except to the extent provided in this part'' and to revise paragraph 2 to read: ``Filing of a notice of appeal and an appeal brief (see Sec. Sec. 41.31(c) and 41.37(c)).'' The amendment restricts Bd.R. 41.4(c)(2) to the notice of appeal and appeal brief. The Chief Administrative Patent Judge would determine whether extensions are to be granted for the filing of most other papers during the pendency of the appeal. Citation of Authority The notice of proposed rulemaking did not propose a change to Bd.R. 41.12 which concerns citation of authority. Rule 41.12 currently requires the public to cite to specific reporters, including some parallel citations. The Board, however, no longer follows the practice specified in Rule 41.12, and does not use parallel citations. Accordingly, Bd.R. 41.12 is being amended to make the rule consistent with Board practice and minimize the citation burden on the public. Under Bd.R. 41.12, as amended, a citation to a single source, in the priority order set out in the rule, will be sufficient. Definitions Bd.R. 41.30 is amended to add a definition of ``Record.'' The Record on appeal would be the official content of the file of an application or reexamination proceeding on appeal. In the rules, a reference to ``Record'' with a capital R is a reference to the Record as defined in Bd.R. 41.30. The definition advises applicants of what documents the Board will consider in resolving the appeal. The definition also makes it clear to any reviewing court what record was considered by the Board. Appeal to Board Bd.R. 41.31(a) provides that an appeal is taken from a decision of the examiner to the Board by filing a notice of appeal. The following language would be acceptable under the rule: ``An appeal is taken from the decision of the examiner mailed [specify date appealed rejection was mailed].'' An appeal can be taken when authorized by the statute 35 U.S.C. 134. The provision of Rule 41.31(b) that a notice of appeal need not be signed has been removed. Papers filed in connection with an appeal, including the notice of appeal, would need to be signed in accordance with Sec. 1.33 of this title. Bd.R. 41.31(b) requires that the notice of appeal be accompanied by the fee required by law and would refer to the rule that specifies the required fee. Bd.R. 41.31(c) specifies the time within which a notice of appeal would have to be filed in order to be considered timely. The time for filing a notice of appeal appears in Rule 134. Bd.R. 41.31(d) provides that a request for an extension of time to file a notice of appeal in an application is governed by Rule 136(a). Bd.R. 41.31(d) also provides that a request for an extension of time to file a notice of appeal in an ex parte reexamination proceeding is governed by Rule 550(c). Bd.R. 41.31(e) defines a ``non-appealable issue'' as an issue that is not subject to an appeal under 35 U.S.C. 134. Non-appealable issues are issues (1) over which the Board does not exercise authority in appeal proceedings and (2) which are handled by a petition. Non- appealable issues include such matters as an examiner's refusal to (1) enter a response to a final rejection, (2) enter evidence presented after a final rejection, (3) enter an appeal brief or a reply brief, or (4) withdraw a restriction requirement. The rules contemplate that some petitions relating to non-appealable issues are to be decided by the Chief Administrative Patent Judge. Some of those non-appealable issues include: (1) A petition to exceed the page limit and (2) a petition to extend the time for filing a paper in the appeal after the filing of the appeal brief. An applicant or patent owner dissatisfied with a decision of an examiner on a non-appealable issue would be required to seek review by petition before an appeal is considered on the merits. Failure to timely file a petition seeking review of a decision of the examiner related to a non-appealable issue would generally constitute a waiver to have those issues considered. The language ``[f]ailure to timely file'' would be interpreted to mean not filed within the time set out in the rules. For example, Rule 1.181(f) provides that any petition under Rule 181 not filed within two months of the mailing date of the action or notice from which relief is requested may be dismissed as untimely. The object of the amendment to the rule is to maximize resolution of non-appealable issues before an appeal is considered on the merits. Under current practice, an applicant or a patent owner often does not timely seek to have non-appealable issues resolved, thereby necessitating a remand by the Board to the examiner to have a non-appealable issue resolved. The remand adds to the pendency of an application or reexamination proceeding and, in some instances, may unnecessarily enlarge patent term adjustment. The Office intends to strictly enforce the waiver provisions of Bd.R. 41.31(e) with the view of making the appeal process administratively efficient. While the Office will retain discretion to excuse a failure to timely settle non- appealable issues, it is expected that exercise of that discretion will be reserved for truly unusual circumstances. Amendments and Evidence Filed After Appeal and Before Brief Bd.R. 41.33(a) provides that an amendment filed after the date a notice of appeal is filed and before an appeal brief is filed may be admitted as provided in Rule 116. Bd.R. 41.33(b), under two circumstances, gives the examiner discretion to enter an amendment filed with or after an appeal brief is filed. A first circumstance would be to cancel claims, provided cancellation of claims does not affect the scope of any other pending claim in the proceedings. A second circumstance would be to rewrite dependent claims into independent form. Bd.R. 41.33(c) provides that all other amendments filed after the date an appeal brief is filed will not be admitted, except as permitted by (1) Bd.R. 41.50(b)(1) (request for amendment after remand), (2) Bd.R. [[Page 32940]] 41.50(d)(1) (request to reopen prosecution after entry of new ground of rejection by the Board), and (3) Bd.R. 41.50(e) (amendment after recommendation by the Board). Bd.R. 41.33(d) provides that evidence filed after a notice of appeal is filed and before an appeal brief is filed may be admitted if (1) the examiner determines that the evidence overcomes at least one rejection under appeal and (2) appellant shows good cause why the evidence was not earlier presented. The first step in an analysis of whether evidence may be admitted is a showing of good cause why the evidence was not earlier presented. The Office has found that too often an applicant or a patent owner belatedly presents evidence as an afterthought and that the evidence was, or should have been, readily available. Late presentation of evidence is not consistent with efficient administration of the appeal process. Under the rule, the Office would strictly apply the good cause standard. Cf. Hahn v. Wong, 892 F.2d 1028 (Fed. Cir. 1989). For example, a change of attorneys at the appeal stage or an unawareness of the requirement of a rule would not constitute a showing of good cause. If good cause is not shown, the analysis ends and the evidence would not be admitted. In those cases where good cause is shown, a second analysis will be made to determine if the evidence would overcome at least one rejection. Even where good cause is shown, if the evidence does not overcome at least one rejection, the evidence would not be admitted. Alternatively, the examiner could determine that the evidence does not overcome at least one rejection under appeal and does not necessitate any new ground of rejection and on that basis alone could refuse to admit the evidence. Bd.R. 41.33(e) provides that evidence filed after an appeal brief is filed will not be admitted except as permitted by (1) Bd.R. 41.50(b)(1) (request to reopen prosecution after entry of a remand by the Board), and (2) Bd.R. 41.50(d)(1) (request to reopen prosecution after new ground of rejection entered by the Board). Jurisdiction Over Appeal Bd.R. 41.35(a) provides that the Board acquires jurisdiction when the Board mails a docket notice. At an appropriate time after proceedings are completed before the examiner, a docket notice identifying the appeal number would be entered in the application or reexamination proceeding file and mailed to the appellant. A new docket notice identifying a new appeal number would be mailed upon return of the case to the Board following remand. By delaying the transfer of jurisdiction until the appeal is fully briefed and the position of the appellant is fully presented for consideration by the examiner and the Office reviewers (appeal conferees), the possibility exists that the examiner will find some or all of the appealed claims patentable without the necessity of proceeding with the appeal and invoking the jurisdiction of the Board. For this reason, jurisdiction transfers to the Board only after (1) the appellant has filed an appeal brief, (2) the examiner's answer has been mailed, and (3) the appellant has filed a reply brief or the time for filing a reply brief has expired. Rule 41.35(a) provides that the Board acquires jurisdiction upon transmittal of the file, including all briefs and examiner's answers, to the Board. Under that practice, however, an appellant may or may not know the date when a file is transmitted to the Board. Most files are now electronic files (Image File Wrapper or IFW file) as opposed to a paper file wrapper. Accordingly, a paper file wrapper is no longer transmitted to the Board. Under current practice, the Board prepares a docket notice which is (1) entered in the IFW file and (2) mailed to appellant. Upon receipt of the docket notice, appellant knows that the Board has acquired jurisdiction over the appeal. Bd.R. 41.35(a) codifies current practice and establishes a precise date, known to all involved, as to when jurisdiction is transferred to the Board. Bd.R. 41.35(b) provides that the jurisdiction of the Board ends when (1) the Board mails a remand order (see Sec. 41.50(b) or Sec. 41.50(d)(1)), (2) the Board mails a final decision (see Sec. 41.50(a) and judicial review is sought or the time for seeking judicial review has expired, (3) an express abandonment is filed which complies with Sec. 1.138 of this title, or (4) a request for continued examination is filed which complies with Sec. 1.114 of this title. The Board knows when it mails a remand order and when it mails a final decision. The Board does not know if an express abandonment or a request for continued examination is filed. One problem the Board has had in the past is that an appellant does not notify the Board that it has filed an express abandonment or a request for continued examination and the Board continues to work on the appeal. Often failure to notify occurs after oral hearing. Accordingly, an appellant should notify the Board immediately if an express abandonment or a request for continued examination is filed. If any notification reaches the Board after a remand order or a final decision is mailed, the remand order or final decision will not be removed from the file. There are two occasions when a remand is entered. First, a remand is entered when the Board is of the opinion that clarification on a point of fact or law is needed. See Bd.R. 41.50(b). Second, a remand is entered when an appellant elects further prosecution before the examiner following entry of a new ground of rejection by the Board. See Bd.R. 41.50(d)(1). Upon entry of a remand, the Board's jurisdiction ends. The Board also no longer has jurisdiction as a matter of law when an appeal to the Federal Circuit is filed in the USPTO. See In re Allen, 115 F.2d 936, 939 (CCPA 1940) and In re Graves, 69 F.3d 1147, 1149 (Fed. Cir. 1995). A final decision is a panel decision which disposes of all issues with regard to a party eligible to seek judicial review and does not indicate that further action is needed. See Rule 41.2 (definition of ``final''). When a party requests rehearing, a decision becomes final when the Board decides the request for rehearing. A decision including a remand or a new ground of rejection is an interlocutory order and is not a final decision. If an appellant elects to ask for rehearing to contest a new ground of rejection, the decision on rehearing is a final decision for the purpose of judicial review. Bd.R. 41.35(c) would continue current practice and provide that the Director could sua sponte order an appeal to be remanded to an examiner before entry of a Board decision has been mailed. The Director has inherent authority to order a sua sponte remand to the examiner. Ordinarily, a rule is not necessary for the Director to exercise inherent authority. However, in this particular instance, it is believed that a statement in the rule of the Director's inherent authority serves an appropriate public notice function. Appeal Brief Bd.R. 41.37 provides for filing an appeal brief to perfect an appeal and sets out the requirements for appeal briefs. The appeal brief is a highly significant document in an ex parte appeal. Appeal brief experience under Rule 41.37 has been mixed. Bd.R. 41.37 seeks to (1) take advantage of provisions of Rule 41.37 which have proved useful, (2) clarify provisions which have been subject to varying interpretations by counsel, and (3) add provisions which are expected to make the decision-making process more focused and efficient. [[Page 32941]] Bd.R. 41.37(a) provides that an appeal brief shall be filed to perfect an appeal. Upon a failure to timely file an appeal brief, proceedings on the appeal would be considered terminated. The language ``without further action on the part of the Office'' gives notice that no action, including entry of a paper by the Office, would be necessary for the appeal to be considered terminated. Bd.R. 41.37(a) does not preclude the Office from entering a paper notifying an applicant or patent owner that the appeal has been terminated. Any failure of the Office to enter a paper notifying an applicant or patent owner that an appeal stands terminated would not affect the terminated status of the appeal. The language ``proceedings are considered terminated'' provides notice that when (1) no appeal brief is filed and (2) no claims are allowed, the time for filing a continuing application under 35 U.S.C. 120 would be before the time expires for filing an appeal brief. The language ``terminated'' is used because proceedings on appeal are over prior to mailing of a docket notice pursuant to Bd.R. 41.35(a). Dismissal of an appeal takes place after a docket notice is mailed since only the Board dismisses an appeal (Bd.R. 41.35(b)(2)). Bd.R. 41.37(b) provides that the appeal brief shall be accompanied by the fee required by Bd.R. 41.20(b)(2). Bd.R. 41.37(c) provides that an appellant must file an appeal brief within two months from the filing of the notice of appeal. Bd.R. 41.37(d) provides that the time for filing an appeal brief is extendable under the provisions of Rule 136(a) for applications and Rule 550(c) for ex parte reexamination proceedings. Consideration was given to proposing a requirement for a petition to extend the time for filing an appeal brief. However, in view of the pre-appeal conference pilot program (see Official Gazette of July 12, 2005; http:// www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2005/week28/patbref.htm), and in an effort to encourage continued participation in that pilot program, further consideration on whether to require a petition will be deferred pending further experience by the Office in the pre-appeal conference pilot program. Bd.R. 41.37(e) provides that an appeal brief must contain, under appropriate headings and in the order indicated, the following items: (1) Statement of the real party in interest, (2) statement of related cases, (3) jurisdictional statement, (4) table of contents, (5) table of authorities, (6) [reserved], (7) status of amendments, (8) grounds of rejection to be reviewed, (9) statement of facts, (10) argument, and (11) an appendix containing (a) claims section, (b) claim support and drawing analysis section, (c) means or step plus function analysis section, (d) evidence section, and (e) related cases section. The items are otherwise defined in other subsections of Bd.R. 41.37 and, where applicable, would apply to appeal briefs and reply briefs (Bd.R. 41.41). Bd.R. 41.37(f) requires a ``statement of real party in interest'' which would include an identification of the name of the real party in interest. The principal purpose of an identification of the name of the real party in interest is to permit members of the Board to assess whether recusal is required or would otherwise be appropriate. Another purpose is to assist employees of the Board to comply with the Ethics in Government Act. Since a real party in interest can change during the pendency of an appeal, there would be a continuing obligation to update the real party in interest during the pendency of the appeal. If an appeal brief does not contain a statement of real party in interest, the Office will assume that the named inventors are the real party in interest. Bd.R. 41.37(g) requires an appeal brief to include a ``statement of related cases.'' The statement of related cases would identify related cases by (1) application number, patent number, appeal number or interference number or (2) court docket number. The statement would encompass all prior or pending appeals, interferences or judicial proceedings known to any inventors, any attorneys or agents who prepared or prosecuted the application on appeal and any other person who was substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application on appeal. A related case is one which would directly affect, or would be directly affected by or have a bearing on the Board's decision in the appeal. A copy of any final or significant interlocutory decision rendered by the Board or a court in any proceeding identified under this paragraph shall be included in the related cases section in the appendix (Bd.R. 41.37(u)). A significant interlocutory decision would include (1) a decision on a patentability motion in an interference or (2) a decision in an interference or a court interpreting a claim. A related case includes any continuing application of the application on appeal. If an appellant fails to advise the Board that it has filed a continuing application or a request for continued examination, or that it has filed an express abandonment of the application on appeal and the Board mails a decision on appeal in the application on appeal, the appellant should expect that the decision will not be removed from the file. The time to update a statement of related cases, or notify the Board that an application on appeal has been abandoned, is when the continuing application, request for continued examination, or express abandonment is filed. Appellant would be under a continuing obligation to update a statement of related cases during the pendency of the appeal. If an appeal brief does not contain a statement of related cases, the Office will assume that there are no related cases. Bd.R. 41.37(h) requires an appeal brief to contain a ``jurisdictional statement'' which would set out why an appellant believes that the Board has jurisdiction to consider the appeal. The jurisdictional statement would include a statement of (1) the statute under which the appeal is taken, (2) the date of the decision from which the appeal is taken, (3) the date the notice of appeal was filed, and (4) the date the appeal brief is being filed. If a notice of appeal or an appeal brief is filed after the time specified in the rules, the appellant also would have to indicate (1) the date an extension of time was requested, and (2) if known, the date the request was granted. A jurisdictional statement will minimize the chance that the Board will consider an appeal when the application on appeal is abandoned or a reexamination proceeding on appeal has terminated. An example of a jurisdictional statement is: ``The Board has jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. 134(a). The Examiner mailed a final rejection on August 1, 2006, setting a three-month shortened statutory period for response. The time for responding to the final rejection expired on November 1, 2006. Rule 134. A notice of appeal and a request for a one-month extension of time under Rule 136(a) was filed on November 15, 2006. The time for filing an appeal brief is two months after the filing of a notice of appeal. Bd.R. 41.37(c). The time for filing an appeal brief expired on January 16, 2007 (Monday, January 15, 2007, being a Federal holiday). The appeal brief is being filed on January 16, 2007.'' If during the preparation of a jurisdictional statement, an appellant becomes aware that its application is abandoned, the appellant could then take steps to revive the application, if revival is appropriate. See Rule 137. Bd.R. 41.37(i) requires an appeal brief to contain a ``table of contents'' identifying the items listed in Bd.R. 41.37(e) along with a page reference where each item begins. In the case of a reply brief, the table of contents would [[Page 32942]] identify the items required by the reply brief rule (Bd.R. 41.41(d)). Bd.R. 41.37(j) requires an appeal brief to contain a ``table of authorities.'' This item would list (1) court and administrative decisions (alphabetically arranged), (2) statutes, and (3) other authorities, along with a reference to the pages of the appeal brief where each authority is cited. A similar requirement applies to a reply brief. Bd.R. 41.37(k) is reserved. Bd.R. 41.37(l) requires an appeal brief to indicate the ``status of amendments'' for all amendments filed after final rejection (e.g., entered or not entered). Examples of a status of amendments might read as follows: (1) ``No amendment was filed after final rejection.'' (2) ``An amendment filed October 31, 2006, was not entered by the examiner.'' (3) ``An amendment filed November 1, 2006, was entered by the examiner.'' (4) ``An amendment filed October 31, 2006, was not entered by the examiner, but an amendment filed November 1, 2006, was entered by the examiner.'' Bd.R. 41.37(m) requires an appeal brief to set out the grounds of rejection to be reviewed, including the claims subject to each rejection. Examples might read as follows: (1) ``Rejection of claim 2 as being anticipated under 35 U.S.C. 102(b) over Johnson.'' (2) ``Rejection of claims 2-3 as being unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. 103(a) over Johnson and Young.'' (3) ``Rejection of claim 2 as failing to comply with the written description requirement of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112.'' (4) ``Rejection of claim 2 as failing to comply with the enablement requirement of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112.'' (5) ``Rejection of claim 3 under 35 U.S.C. 251 based on recapture.'' Bd.R. 41.37(n) requires a ``statement of facts.'' Appellant will set out in an objective and non-argumentative manner the material facts relevant to the rejections on appeal, preferably in numbered paragraphs. A clear, concise and complete statement of relevant facts will clarify the position of an appellant on dispositive issues and assist the examiner in reconsidering the patentability of the rejected claims. A significant requirement of Bd.R. 41.37(n) is that a fact would be required to be supported by a reference to the page number of the Record. Where appropriate, the citation should also be to a specific line or paragraph and to a drawing figure and element number of the Record (see Bd.R. 41.37(t)). Statements of facts should be set out in short declarative sentences, and each sentence should address a single fact. For example, ``In rejecting claims 1-5, the examiner cites Jones (col. 4, lines 1-4).'' ``Jones describes a widget (col. 5, lines 56-61 and Figure 1, elements 12 and 13).'' A compound statement of fact is not proper, e.g., ``Jones describes a widget (col. 8, lines 3-4) and Smith does not describe a widget.'' A statement of facts would have to be non-argumentative, meaning that an appellant would not be able to argue its appeal in the statement of facts. Rather, the statement of facts is designed to require an appellant to set out the facts which the appellant considers material for resolution of the appeal, thereby assisting the examiner initially and, if necessary, the Board thereafter to focus on the dispositive portions of the record. For example, in the case of a rejection for obviousness under section 103, the facts should address at least the scope and content of the prior art, any differences between the claim on appeal and the prior art, and the level of skill in the art. In the past, some appellants have provided minimal factual development in an appeal brief, apparently believing that the Board will scour the record to divine the facts. It should be remembered that when the appeal reaches the Board, the panel members do not know anything about the appellant's invention or the prosecution history of the application on appeal. Likewise, too often an appellant will not support a statement of fact in an appeal brief by an explicit reference to the evidence. A statement of fact based on the specification would be proper if supported by a reference to page and line or paragraph (and where appropriate also to drawing figure and element number). A statement of fact based on a patent would be proper if it is supported by a reference to a column and line (and where appropriate also to a drawing figure and element number). A statement of fact based on an affidavit would be proper if supported by a reference to a page and line number or to a page and paragraph number of the affidavit; the affidavit would appear in the evidence section (Bd.R. 41.37(t)) in the appendix. A specific citation is required because an appellant should not expect the examiner or the Board to search the record to determine whether a statement of fact is supported by the evidence. Bd.R. 41.37(n) is consistent with the approaches taken by federal courts concerning appeal brief practice and other briefing practice: (1) Clintec Nutrition Co. v. Baxa Corp., 988 F. Supp. 1109, 1114, n.16 (N.D. Ill. 1997) (where a party points the court to a multi-page exhibit without citing a specific portion or page, the court will not pour over the documents to extract the relevant information); (2) Ernst Haas Studio, Inc. v. Palm Press, Inc., 164 F.3d 110, 112 (2d Cir. 1999) (``Appellant's Brief is at best an invitation to the court to scour the record, research any legal theory that comes to mind, and serve generally as an advocate for appellant. We decline the invitation.''); (3) Winner Int'l Royalty Corp. v. Wang, 202 F.3d 1340, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2000) (``[W]e will not search the record on the chance of discovering * * * whether the district court abused its discretion.''); (4) Gorence v. Eagle Food Centers, Inc., 242 F.3d 759, 762-63 (7th Cir. 2001) (``Little has been done * * * to make slogging through the record here either more efficient or more pleasant. And it is simply not true, we want to emphasize, that if a litigant presents an overload of irrelevant or non-probative facts, somehow the irrelevancies will add up to relevant evidence * * *''); and (5) DeSilva v. DiLeonardi, 181 F.3d 865, 867 (7th Cir. 1999) (``[An appeal] brief must make all arguments accessible to the judges, rather than ask them to play archaeologist with the record.'') See also (1) Shiokawa v. Maienfisch, 56 USPQ2d 1970, 1975 (Bd. Pat. App. & Int. 2000) and (2) LeVeen v. Edwards, 57 USPQ2d 1406, 1413 (Bd. Pat. App. & Int. 2000). Bd.R. 41.37(o) requires that an appeal brief contain an argument comprising an analysis explaining, as to each rejection to be reviewed, why the appellant believes the examiner erred. The analysis would have to address all points made by the examiner with which the appellant disagrees. The presentation of a concise, but comprehensive, argument in response to the final rejection (1) will efficiently frame any dispute between the appellant and the examiner not only for the benefit of the Board but also for consideration by the examiner and Office reviewers (appeal conferees) and (2) provide the best opportunity for resolution of the dispute without the necessity of proceeding with the appeal. Where an argument has previously been presented to the examiner, the analysis would have to identify where any argument being made to the Board was made in the first instance to the examiner. Where an argument has not previously been made to the examiner, an appellant would be required to say so in the appeal brief so that the examiner would know that the argument is new. An example where an argument might not have been previously made to an examiner might occur under the following fact scenario. A first Office action rejects claims over Reference A. Applicant amends the [[Page 32943]] claims to avoid Reference A. The examiner enters a final rejection now relying on References A and B. Applicant elects to appeal without filing a response under Rule 116. While applicants are encouraged to file a response under Rule 116 to possibly avoid an appeal all together, at the present time there is no requirement for an applicant to file a Rule 116 response as a condition to taking an appeal to the Board. Whether such a requirement should be made in the future will be held in abeyance pending experience under the rules. The Board has found that many arguments made in an appeal brief were never earlier presented to the examiner even though they could have been presented (without filing a Rule 116 response). To promote clarity, Bd.R. 41.37(o) also requires that each rejection for which review is sought shall be separately argued under a separate heading. Also, Bd.R. 41.37(o) provides that any finding made or conclusion reached by the examiner that is not challenged would be presumed to be correct. Bd.R. 41.37(o)(1) provides that when a ground of rejection applies to two or more claims, the claims may be argued separately (claims are considered by appellant as separately patentable) or as a group (claims stand or fall together). When two or more claims subject to the same ground of rejection are argued as a group, the Board may select a single claim from the group of claims that are argued together and decide the appeal on the basis of the selected claim alone with respect to the group of claims as to the ground of rejection. Any doubt as to whether an election has been made would be resolved against the appellant and the claims would be deemed to have been argued as a group. For each claim argued separately, a subheading identifying the claim by number would be required. The requirement for a separate subheading in the appeal brief is to minimize any chance the examiner or the Board will overlook an argument directed to the separate patentability of a particular claim. In the past, appellants have been confused about whether a statement of what a claim covers is sufficient to constitute an argument that the claim is separately patentable. It is not. A statement that a claim contains a limitation not present in another claim would not in and of itself be sufficient to satisfy the requirement of Bd.R. 41.37(o)(1) that a separate argument be made. Unless an appellant plans to argue the separate patentability of a claim, the appellant should not discuss or refer to the claim in the argument section of the appeal brief. A copy of the claims will be before the Board in the ``claims section'' (Bd.R. 41.37(p)). In an application containing claims 1-3 where the examiner has made (1) a Sec. 102 rejection or (2) a Sec. 103 rejection or (3) both a Sec. 102 and Sec. 103 rejection, examples of a proper statement of ``claims standing or falling together'' would be as follows: (1) ``With respect to the rejection under Sec. 102, claims 1-3 stand or fall together.'' (2) ``With respect to the rejection under Sec. 103, claims 1-2 stand or fall together; claim 3 is believed to be separately patentable.'' (3) ``With respect to the rejection under Sec. 102, claims 1-2 stand or fall together; claim 3 is believed to be separately patentable. With respect to the rejection under Sec. 103, the claims stand or fall together.'' Bd.R. 41.37(o)(2) provides that the Board would only consider arguments that (1) are presented in the argument section of the appeal brief and (2) address claims set out in the claim support and drawing analysis section in the appendix. Appellant would waive all arguments which could have been, but were not, addressed in the argument section of the appeal brief. A first example would be where Argument 1 and Argument 2 are presented in response to a final rejection, but only Argument 1 is presented in the appeal brief. Only Argument 1 would be considered. Argument 2 would be waived. A second example would be where an applicant presents an affidavit under Rule 131 or Rule 132 to the examiner, but does not rely on the affidavit in the argument section of the appeal brief. The Board would not consider the affidavit in deciding the appeal. Bd.R. 41.37(o)(3) requires that when responding to points made in the final rejection, the appeal brief shall specifically (1) identify each point made by the examiner and (2) indicate where appellant previously responded to each point or state that appellant has not previously responded to the point. In supporting any argument, the appellant shall refer to a page and, where appropriate, a line or paragraph, of the Record. Examples of argument formats that are acceptable under Bd.R. 41.37(o)(3) follow. Example 1. In the case where an argument had been previously presented to the examiner, the following format is acceptable under Bd.R. 41.37(o)(3). ``The examiner states that Reference A teaches element B. Final Rejection mailed [insert date], page x, lines y-z. In response, appellant previously pointed out to the examiner why the examiner is believed to have erred. Amendment filed [enter date], pages 8-9. The response is [concisely state the response].'' A similar format has been successfully used for some years in oppositions and replies filed in interference cases. Example 2. Alternatively, in the case where an argument has not been previously made to the examiner, the following format would be acceptable under Bd.R. 41.37(o)(3). ``In response to the examiner's reliance on Reference C for the first time in the final rejection (page 4), appellant's response includes a new argument which has not been previously presented to the examiner. The response is [concisely state the response].'' Use of this format will minimize any chance that the examiner will overlook an argument when preparing the examiner's answer. Bd.R. 41.37(p) would require an appeal brief to contain a ``claims section'' in the appendix which would consist of an accurate clean copy in numerical order of all claims pending in the application or reexamination proceeding on appeal. The claims section in the appendix would include all pending claims, not just those under rejection. The status of each claim would have to be indicated, (e.g., 1 (rejected), 2 (withdrawn), 3 (objected to), 4 (cancelled), and 5 (allowed)). Bd.R. 41.37(q) is reserved. Bd.R. 41.37(r) requires an appeal brief to contain a ``claim support and drawing analysis section.'' The claim support portion of Bd.R. 41.37(r) replaces Rule 41.37(c)(1)(v) which required a concise explanation of the subject matter defined in each of the independent claims on appeal. The claim support section, for each independent claim involved in the appeal and each dependent claim argued separately (see Bd.R. 41.37(o)(1)), would consist of an annotated copy of the claim indicating in bold face between braces ({ {time} ) after each limitation where, by page and line or paragraph numbers, the limitation is described in the specification as filed. Braces ({ {time} ) are used instead of brackets ([ ]) because brackets are used in reissue claim practice. Unlike the ``claims section'' (see Bd.R. 41.37(p)), only those independent claims and dependent claims being argued separately, would need to appear in the ``claim support and drawing analysis section.'' A significant objective of the claim support requirement is to provide the examiner and the Board with appellant's perspective on where language of the claims (including specific words used in the claims, but not in the specification) finds support in the specification. Finding support for language in the claims can help the examiner and the Board construe claimed terminology and limitations when applying the prior art. The claim support requirement will help the Board [[Page 32944]] interpret the scope of claims, or the meaning of words in a claim, before applying the prior art. Practice under Rule 41.37(c)(1)(v) has not been efficient because of the diverse manners in which different appellants have attempted to comply with the current rule. One significant problem faced by the Board under Rule 41.37(c)(1)(v) occurs when the language of a claim does not have direct antecedent language in the specification. In order for the Board to understand the scope of a claim or the meaning of a term in the claim, the Board primarily relies on the specification. Moreover, in practice before the Office, a claim is given its broadest reasonable construction consistent with the specification. However, when the language of the claim does not find correspondence in the specification, as filed, often it is difficult to determine the meaning of a particular word in a claim or to give the claim its broadest reasonable interpretation. The claim support requirement will give the examiner and the Board the appellant's view on where the claim is supported by the application, as filed. The requirement is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of the Board's handling of appeals. The ``claims support and drawing analysis section'' also requires for each independent claim on appeal and each dependent claim argued separately (see Bd.R. 41.37(o)(1)), that a drawing analysis consist of an annotated copy of the claim in numerical sequence, indicating in bold face between braces ({ {time} ) (the same braces used to identify references to the specification) after each limitation where, by reference or sequence residue number, each limitation is shown in the drawing or sequence. A drawing analysis has been required in interference cases since 1998 and has proven useful to the Board in understanding claimed inventions described in applications and patents involved in an interference. The drawing analysis requirement is expected to be equally useful in ex parte appeals. Bd.R. 41.37(s) requires an appeal brief to contain a ``means or step plus function analysis section.'' The means or step plus function analysis section replaces the requirement of Rule 41.37(c)(1)(v) relating to identification of structure, material or acts for means or step plus function claim limitations contained in appealed claims. Under Bd.R. 41.37(s), the means or step plus function analysis section would include each independent claim and each dependent claim argued separately (see Bd.R. 41.37(o)(1)) that contains a limitation that appellant regards as a means or step plus function limitation in the form permitted by the sixth paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112. Further, for each such claim, a copy of the claim would be reproduced indicating in bold face between braces ({ {time} ) the specific portions of the specification and drawing that describe the structure material or acts corresponding to each claimed function. The Office is requiring a particular format for the means or step plus function analysis section to avoid the confusion that arises from the variety of ways appellants employ under current practice in attempting to comply with the requirements of Rule 41.37(c)(1)(v). A means or step plus function analysis essentially tracking Bd.R. 41.37(s) has been used in interference cases since 1998 and has been helpful in determining the scope of claims involved. Bd.R. 41.37(t) would require an appeal brief to contain an ``evidence section'' in the appendix. The evidence section essentially continues the practice under Rule 41.37(c)(1)(ix). The evidence section would include (1) table of contents, (2) affidavits and declarations upon which the appellant relied before the examiner, (3) other evidence upon which the appellant relied before the examiner, and (4) evidence relied upon by the appellant and admitted into the file pursuant to Bd.R. 41.33(d). Documents in the evidence appendix would not have to be reformatted to comply with format requirements of the appeal brief. However, the affidavits, declarations and evidence required by Bd.R 41.37(t) which is otherwise mentioned in the appeal brief, but which does not appear in the evidence section will not be considered. Rule 41.37(c)(1)(ix) has a similar provision, but appellants have not attached the evidence appendix required by that rule. Appellants will now be on notice of the consequence of failing to comply with Bd.R. 41.37(t). If the examiner believes that other material should be included in the evidence section, the examiner would be able to attach that evidence to the examiner's answer. Pursuant to Bd.R. 41.37(v)(1), all pages of an appeal brief or a reply brief (including appendices to those briefs) will be consecutively numbered beginning with page 1. Bd.R. 41.37(u) requires an appeal brief to contain a ``related cases section'' in the appendix. The related cases section consists of copies of orders and opinions required to be cited pursuant to Bd.R. 41.37(g). Bd.R. 41.37(v) requires an appeal brief to be presented in a particular format. The appeal brief would have to comply with the format of Rule 52 as well as with other requirements set out in Bd.R. 41.37(v)(1), (2) and (4) through (6). Bd.R. 41.37(v)(1) requires that the pages of an appeal brief, including all sections in the appendix, be consecutively numbered using Arabic numerals beginning with the first page of the appeal brief, which would be numbered page 1. This practice would prevent (1) re- starting numbering with each section in the appendix or (2) using Roman numeral page numbers, e.g., I, II, V, etc., or page numbers with letters, e.g., ``a'', ``b'', ``c'', ``i'', ``ii'', etc. If an appellant chooses to number the lines, line numbering may be within the left margin. Line numbering has been used for some time in interference cases and has been found to be useful when making reference in oppositions, replies, and opinions of the Board. Bd.R. 41.37(v)(2) would require that text in an appeal brief would be double spaced except in headings, tables of contents, tables of authorities, signature blocks and certificates of service. Block quotations would be indented, but could be presented in double spaced or space and a half format. Footnotes, which are discouraged, would be double spaced. Bd.R. 41.37(v)(3) is reserved. Bd.R. 41.37(v)(4) requires that the font size be 14 point, including the font for block quotations and footnotes. Bd.R. 41.37(v)(5) provides that an appeal brief may not exceed 30 pages, excluding any (1) statement of the real party in interest, (2) statement of related cases, (3) jurisdictional statement, (4) table of contents, (5) table of authorities, (6) status of amendments, (7) signature block and (8) appendix. To give meaning to the 30-page limitation, an appeal brief would not be permitted to incorporate by reference arguments from other papers in the evidence appendices or from any other source. The prohibition against incorporation by reference is necessary to prevent an appellant from adding to the length of an appeal brief. Cf. DeSilva v. DiLeonardi, 181 F.3d 865, 866-67 (7th Cir. 1999) (``[A]doption by reference amounts to a self- help increase in the length of the appellate brief. * * * [I]ncorporation [by reference] is a pointless imposition on the court's time. A brief must make all arguments accessible to the judges, rather than ask them to play archaeologist with the record.'') (citation omitted). A prohibition against incorporation by reference has been the practice in interference cases since 1998 and has [[Page 32945]] minimized the chance that an argument is overlooked. A request to exceed the 30-page limit would be made by petition under Bd.R. 41.3 at least ten calendar days prior to the date an appeal brief is due. Bd.R. 41.37(v)(6) requires a signature block which would identify the appellant or appellant's representative, as appropriate, and a mailing address, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address. Examiner's Answer Bd.R. 41.39(a) provides that within such time and manner as may be directed by the Director and if the examiner determines that the appeal should go forward, the examiner shall enter an examiner's answer responding to the appeal brief. The specific requirements of what would be required in an examiner's answer would appear in the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. Bd.R. 41.39(b) provides that a new ground of rejection can no longer be made in the examiner's answer. Generally, a new ground of rejection in an Examiner's Answer occurs when an applicant has not had a fair opportunity in the appeal brief to react to the ``thrust of the rejection'' made in the final rejection. In re Kronig, 539 F.2d 1300, 1302 (CCPA 1976). Stated in slightly different terms, a test for determining whether a rejection in the Examiner's Answer is ``new'' vis-[agrave]-vis the rejection made in the final rejection is whether the ``basic thrust'' of ``rejection'' in the Examiner's Answer and the rejection made in the final rejection ``are different.'' In re Ansel, 852 F.2d 1294 (Fed. Cir. 1988) (non- precedential). In re DeBlauwe, 736 F.2d 699, 706 n.9 (Fed. Cir. 1984) notes that ``[w]here the board makes a decision advancing a position or rationale new to the proceedings, an applicant must be afforded an opportunity to respond to that position or rationale by submission of contradicting evidence [or argument].'' Whether a new ground of rejection has been made in an Examiner's Answer is evaluated on a case- by-case basis. See Kronig, 539 F.2d at 1303 (CCPA did not find cited precedent ``controlling in view of the distinctive facts at bar''). An applicant met with a new ground of rejection in an Examiner's Answer is entitled to a response to meet the new ground, including an opportunity to present new evidence, an amendment to claims or both. In Kronig, there was no new ground of rejection where (1) the Examiner relied on Hoechst, Holzrichter, Yasui and Swift patents and (2) the Board used the same basis as the Examiner, and, without disagreeing with the Examiner's approach, limited its discussion to the evidence contained in Holzrichter, Yasui and Swift. 539 F.2d at 1303. On the other hand in Ansel, a new ground of rejection occurred when (1) the Examiner relied on Hodakowski and Bhatia, (2) the Board dismissed Bhatia as superfluous, and (3) for the first time relied on a general and brief description in Hodakowski as to what Hodakowski considered prior art. In re Bush, 296 F.2d 491 (CCPA 1961), states that where a ``rejection is stated to be on A in view of B instead of on B in view of A, or to term one reference primary and the other secondary'' is a matter of ``no significance, but merely a matter of exposition'' where the relevant part of each can be found. 296 F.2d at 760. In re Kumar, 418 F.3d 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2005), held that the Board erred in not treating as a new ground of rejection an affirmance based on calculations made by the Board in the first instance and where the Board declined to consider evidence in a petition for rehearing. In In re Gately, 69 Fed. Appx. 993 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (non-precedential), the Board designated as a new ground of rejection an affirmance based on calculations not previously made. In a request for rehearing to the Board, Gately elected to present only argument. On appeal to the Federal Circuit, Gately urged that he be given a further opportunity on remand to present contrary evidence. The Federal Circuit denied Gately's request, noting that the Board had given Gately the very opportunity he was then requesting, but that Gately had declined the opportunity before the Board. Under the rules, an applicant does not have to file a Rule 116 response after a final rejection citing a new reference to meet a limitation in a claim amended by the applicant in response to the first Office action. If the response to the new reference is made for the first time in the appeal brief, it would not be a new ground of rejection in an Examiner's Answer if the Examiner relies on any part of the record, or yet another reference, to meet the new argument made for the first time in the appeal brief. Cf. In re Plockinger, 481 F.2d 1327, 1330-1332 (CCPA 1973) (``the Solicitor should be allowed to point out to us the facts underlying Peras' concept of the index of basicity, all of which were before the board, in order to rebut appellants' contentions with regard thereto.''). Appellants can avoid the Plockinger scenario by filing a Rule 116 response after final rejection. By not filing a Rule 116 response after final rejection, an appellant runs a risk that it will be confronted for the first time in the Examiner's Answer with new rationale in support of the rejection or new evidence or both. The appellant would then have to elect whether to proceed with the appeal or refile the application. Reply Brief Bd.R. 41.41(a) provides that an appellant may file a single reply brief responding to the examiner's answer. On too many occasions, appellants have filed a first reply brief and thereafter a second reply brief. Only one reply brief is authorized under Bd.R. 41.41(a). A second reply brief will not be considered. Bd.R. 41.41(b) provides that the time for filing a reply brief would be within two months of the date the examiner's answer is mailed. Bd.R. 41.41(c) provides that a request for an extension of time shall be presented as a petition under Bd.R. 41.3(a) and (c). A decision on the petition shall be governed by Bd.R. 41.4(a) of this part. The provisions of Rule 136(a) would no longer apply to extensions of time to file a reply brief. Bd.R. 41.41(d) provides that a reply brief shall be limited to responding to points made in the examiner's answer. Except as otherwise set out in the rules, the form and content of a reply brief would be governed by the requirements for an appeal brief as set out in Bd.R. 41.37. A reply brief would not be able to exceed 20 pages, excluding any (1) table of contents, (2) table of authorities, and (3) signature block. A reply brief would be required to contain, under appropriate headings and in the order indicated, the following items: (1) Table of contents, (2) table of authorities, (3) statement of additional facts, and (4) argument. Bd.R. 41.41(e) is reserved. Bd.R. 41.41(f) would require a statement of additional facts that appellant believes are necessary to respond to points raised in the examiner's answer. When there is a statement of additional facts, and the appellant has elected to number the facts in the appeal brief, any numbering of facts in the reply brief should start with the number following the last number in the appeal brief. For example, if Facts 1- 10 are set out in the appeal brief and a statement of additional facts is required with a reply brief, the statement of additional facts in the reply brief should start with Fact 11. Bd.R. 41.41(g) requires that an argument made in the reply brief be limited to responding to points made in the examiner's answer. Any argument raised in a reply brief which is not [[Page 32946]] responsive to a point made in the examiner's answer will not be considered and will be treated as waived. An example of an acceptable format for presenting an argument in a reply brief (where there was no new ground of rejection in the examiner's answer) might read as follows: First paragraph: ``This is a reply to the examiner's answer mailed [insert the date the answer was mailed].'' Last paragraph: ``For the reasons given in this reply brief and in the appeal brief, reversal of the examiner's rejection is requested.'' All paragraphs between the first and last paragraphs should read: ``On page x, lines y-z of the examiner's answer, the examiner states that [state what the examiner states]. The response is [concisely state the response].'' As part of each response, the appellant should refer to the page number and line or paragraph and drawing element number of any document relied upon to support the response. Frequently, new details and arguments surface in reply briefs. Bd.R. 41.41(g) seeks to confine reply briefs to what they ought to be--a response to points raised in the examiner's answer. If it turns out that too many resources of the Office are needed to enforce the reply brief rule and considerable time is wasted in resolving improper reply brief issues, consideration may be given to further limiting the nature of replies filed in ex parte appeals. Bd.R. 41.41(h) is reserved. Bd.R. 41.41(i) provides that an amendment or new evidence may not accompany a reply brief. The Office has found that appellants continue to attempt to file amendments and evidence with reply briefs. If an appellant, after reviewing the examiner's answer, believes that an amendment is appropriate, the appellant may file a continuing application or a request for continued examination or, in the case of a reexamination proceeding, ask that the proceeding be reopened. Examiner's Response to Reply Brief Bd.R. 41.43 is reserved. An examiner will no longer be responding to a reply brief. Supplemental Reply Brief Bd.R. 41.44 is reserved. A supplemental reply brief is no longer authorized because the examiner will no longer be filing a response to a reply brief. Oral Hearing Bd.R. 41.47(a) provides that if the appellant desires an oral hearing, appellant must file, as a separate paper, a written request captioned: ``REQUEST FOR ORAL HEARING.'' Bd.R. 41.47(b) provides that a request for oral hearing shall be accompanied by the fee required by Sec. 41.20(b)(3). Bd.R. 41.47(c) provides that the time for filing a request for an oral hearing would be within two months from the date the examiner's answer is mailed. Bd.R. 41.47(d) provides that a request for an extension of time to request an oral hearing would have to be presented as a petition as specified in Bd.R. 41.3(a) and (c). A decision on the petition shall be governed by Bd.R. 41.4(a). Bd.R. 41.47(e) provides that if an oral hearing is properly requested, a date for the oral hearing would be set. Bd.R. 41.47(f) provides that if an oral hearing is set, then within such time as the Board may order, appellant shall confirm attendance at the oral hearing. Failure to timely confirm attendance would be taken as a waiver of any request for an oral hearing. Bd.R. 41.47(g) provides that at the time appellant confirms attendance at the oral hearing, appellant would be required to supply a list of technical terms and other unusual words which can be provided to any individual transcribing an oral hearing. The current practice of the Board is to transcribe all oral arguments. A list of technical terms provided by appellant should improve the accuracy of any transcript. Bd.R. 41.47(h) provides that unless otherwise ordered by the Board, argument on behalf of appellant at an oral hearing would be limited to 20 minutes. Bd.R. 41.47(i) provides that at oral hearing only the Record will be considered. No additional evidence may be offered to the Board in support of the appeal. Any argument not presented in a brief cannot be made at the oral hearing. Bd.R. 41.47(j) provides that notwithstanding Bd.R. 41.47(i), an appellant could rely on and call the Board's attention to a recent court or Board opinion which could have an effect on the manner in which the appeal is decided. Bd.R. 41.47(k) provides that visual aids may be used at an oral hearing. However, visual aids must be limited to copies of documents or artifacts in the Record or a model or exhibit presented for demonstration purposes during an interview with the examiner. When an appellant seeks to use a visual aid, one copy of each visual aid (photograph in the case of an artifact, a model or an exhibit) should be provided for each judge and one copy to be added to the Record. Bd.R. 41.47(l) provides that failure of an appellant to attend an oral hearing would be treated as a waiver of the oral hearing. Over the years, the Board has become concerned with the large number of requests for postponements. In some cases, multiple requests in a single appeal are submitted for postponement of an oral hearing. Apart from the fact that a postponement can lead to large patent term adjustments, efficiency dictates that the Board be able to set an oral hearing schedule with an expectation that in a large majority of the cases the oral hearing will timely occur or the appellant will waive oral hearing. The Board will continue to handle requests for postponement of oral hearings on an ad hoc basis. However, postponements would no longer be granted on a routine basis. A request for a postponement made immediately after a notice of oral hearing is mailed